Two-Stage Fuel Injection Valve for Combustion Chamber Center

Solution Overview

Problem

Current fuel injection systems, both mechanical and electronically controlled, are unable to efficiently perform two-stage or dual fuel injection at the center of a combustion chamber, leading to suboptimal combustion performance and increased costs due to the need for additional components and complex systems.

Innovation Solution

A two-stage fuel injection valve design that uses a single mechanical injector to selectively open and close main and auxiliary nozzle holes, allowing coaxial injection of two fuels by transferring pressure from the main fuel to an auxiliary fuel chamber, eliminating the need for a separate compression pump and simplifying the system.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If another injector is added to enable dual fuel injection, then dual fuel injection capability is achieved, but device complexity and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedual fuel injection capabilityVSAvoidsystem complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The single mechanical injector is designed to perform multiple functions: it can inject main fuel, auxiliary fuel, and perform two-stage injection sequences by selectively opening different nozzle holes (first nozzle hole for main fuel, second nozzle hole for auxiliary fuel) through the action of the injection valve and plunger mechanism

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent merges the functions of multiple injectors into a single mechanical injector by integrating multiple nozzle holes and fuel passages within one injector body, allowing one component to replace what would traditionally require multiple separate injectors for dual fuel capability

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Adaptability or versatility

If another injector is added to enable dual fuel injection, then dual fuel injection capability is achieved, but manufacturing cost increases greatly

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedual fuel injection capabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing cost

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The single mechanical injector is designed to perform multiple functions: it can inject main fuel, auxiliary fuel, and perform two-stage injection sequences by selectively opening different nozzle holes (first nozzle hole for main fuel, second nozzle hole for auxiliary fuel) through the action of the injection valve and plunger mechanism

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent merges the functions of multiple injectors into a single mechanical injector by integrating multiple nozzle holes and fuel passages within one injector body, allowing one component to replace what would traditionally require multiple separate injectors for dual fuel capability

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Adaptability or versatility

If parallel twin injector is used to inject dual fuels, then dual fuel injection is enabled, but injection location deviates from center of combustion chamber

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedual fuel injection capabilityVSAvoidinjection location precision

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the functions of multiple injectors into a single mechanical injector by integrating multiple nozzle holes and fuel passages within one injector body, allowing one component to replace what would traditionally require multiple separate injectors for dual fuel capability

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The injector body is designed with different nozzle holes positioned at specific locations (first nozzle hole and second nozzle hole) with controlled radial distances from the central axis, ensuring that both main fuel and auxiliary fuel are injected at optimal locations for combustion efficiency

Inventive Principle:

Principle #3Local quality

4Device complexity

If mechanically controlled injection is used, then simple structure is maintained, but injection condition cannot be optimally controlled according to engine operating state

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvesystem simplicityVSAvoidinjection condition control flexibility

Core Design Contradiction:

Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The injection valve is designed with dynamic characteristics that allow it to respond to varying engine conditions through its inherent mechanical properties, enabling the system to adapt injection timing and duration based on engine operating state without requiring complex electronic control systems

Inventive Principle:

Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system utilizes changes in engine operating parameters (such as engine speed and load) to naturally vary injection conditions, allowing the mechanical injector to provide optimized performance across different operating ranges through its designed mechanical response characteristics

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient two-stage and dual fuel injection at the center of the combustion chamber, improving combustion performance and reducing exhaust gas while minimizing costs by using a single mechanical injector with a simple structure.

Implementation Method 1

a plunger inserted into the first main fuel chamber of the valve body to be axially slidable so that an auxiliary fuel pressurizing chamber is formed between the front end and the valve body to communicate with the auxiliary fuel nozzle hole, advancing forwards with the pressure of a main fuel applied to the first main fuel chamber to pressurize an auxiliary fuel in the auxiliary fuel pressurizing chamber

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectPressure transfer: Pascal's Law

Implementation Method 2

the needle retreating by means of pressure increase of the auxiliary fuel pressurizing chamber so that the auxiliary fuel pressurizing chamber communicates with the auxiliary fuel nozzle hole

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectPressure-driven movement: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 3

a plunger spring for elastically pressurizing the plunger in a retreating direction

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 4

a needle spring interposed between the rear end of the needle and the plunger to elastically pressurize the needle in the advancing direction

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentUS9188093B2Two-stage fuel injection valve

Publication Date: 2015.11.17 HD HYUNDAI HEAVY IND CO LTD

AI summary

The present invention relates to a two-stage fuel injection valve. The two-stage fuel injection valve of the present invention is configured such that the pressure of main fuel delivered from an injection pump is applied to a plunger in a main fuel chamber, and subsequently delivered to an ancillary fuel pressure chamber via the plunger so as to compress ancillary fuel, such that a needle is retracted in a manner similar to those of slide valves by means of the pressure of the ancillary fuel so as to open an ancillary fuel nozzle hole and inject the ancillary fuel, and a main fuel nozzle hole is opened after the injection of the ancillary fuel so as to inject the main fuel, thereby conducting two-stage fuel injection.