Two-Stage Receiver Circuit for Low Pulse Width Distortion

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Solution Overview

Problem

High-speed data receivers in integrated circuits face challenges in maintaining low distortion and accurate pulse width at high data rates, due to increased pulse width and reduced pulse magnitudes.

Innovation Solution

A two-stage receiver circuit is designed, where the first stage converts a single-ended input signal into a differential pair, and the second stage uses a self-biased amplifier to adjust the common mode voltage, ensuring it tracks the trigger point of the output buffer, thereby reducing distortion.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If the data rate is increased to achieve higher speed communication, then the communication speed is improved, but the pulse width becomes smaller and distortion increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata rateVSAvoidpulse width accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The receiver circuit is divided into two distinct stages: a first stage circuit that performs initial signal processing and common mode voltage establishment, and a second stage circuit that performs differential amplification and output. This segmentation allows each stage to be optimized independently for high-speed operation while maintaining signal integrity and minimizing pulse width distortion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The circuit dynamically adjusts the common mode voltage level in the first stage to optimize the operating point for high-speed signals. By changing the voltage parameters and biasing conditions, the circuit maintains low distortion even as data rates increase and pulse widths decrease.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If a single-stage receiver circuit is used to simplify the design, then the device complexity is reduced, but the pulse width distortion increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit structureVSAvoidpulse width accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The receiver is segmented into two functional stages with distinct roles. The first stage establishes the common mode voltage and performs initial signal conditioning, while the second stage provides differential amplification. This segmentation achieves low distortion without excessive complexity by assigning specific functions to each stage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The first stage circuit acts as an intermediary between the input signal and the second stage amplifier. It conditions the signal and establishes appropriate voltage levels, thereby reducing the burden on the second stage and enabling high-speed operation with minimal distortion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If the common mode voltage is not properly matched to the buffer trip point, then the circuit operation becomes simpler, but the distortion increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit operationVSAvoidpulse width accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The first stage circuit dynamically adjusts the common mode voltage parameter to match the buffer trip point. This parameter matching optimizes the transfer characteristic between stages, ensuring accurate pulse width reproduction while maintaining simple circuit operation through automatic voltage establishment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The circuit incorporates feedback mechanisms that monitor the common mode voltage level and adjust it to maintain proper matching with the buffer trip point. This feedback ensures low distortion operation while keeping the circuit easy to operate across varying conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP4037184B1High-speed, low distortion receiver circuit
Publication Date: 2025.04.30 MACRONIX INTERNATIONAL CO LTD
  • EP4037184B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4037184B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4037184B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A receiver circuit has a first stage circuit having a first stage input and a first stage output, the first stage output setting a first stage common mode voltage; a second stage circuit having a second stage input connected to the first stage output, and a second stage output setting a second stage common mode voltage; and a buffer circuit having a trip point voltage, connected to the second stage output. The first stage circuit can include circuit elements configured to establish the first stage common mode voltage so that the second stage common mode voltage matches the trip point voltage. The second stage circuit can include a self-biased amplifier.