Type V Adsorbent CO2 Capture with Gas Concentrator
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional CO2 capture technologies face challenges in efficiently capturing CO2 from flue gas at low pressures and concentrations, leading to high energy consumption and costs, particularly in natural gas power plants where CO2 concentration is around 3-5%, limiting the effectiveness of Type V adsorbents.
Innovation Solution
A method is developed to adjust the CO2 concentration in the input fluid to optimize the capture properties of Type V adsorbents by using a gas concentrator to increase CO2 levels, combined with a heat management system to minimize temperature increases during adsorption, thereby enhancing the working capacity and reducing energy costs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If Type V adsorbents are used for CO2 capture from flue gas at low concentrations (3-5%), then the working capacity and energy efficiency are improved, but the capture recovery performance deteriorates due to low partial pressures
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by using a gas concentrator to pre-concentrate CO2 from the flue gas stream before it enters the Type V adsorbent contactor. This preliminary concentration step ensures that the adsorbent receives gas at optimal partial pressures (above 0.1 atm), allowing it to operate at peak working capacity and energy efficiency without suffering from the low recovery performance that would result from direct processing of dilute flue gas
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a gas concentrator as an intermediary device between the flue gas source and the Type V adsorbent contactor. This intermediary component bridges the gap by transforming the low-concentration flue gas into a stream with sufficient CO2 partial pressure, enabling the adsorbent to function optimally while maintaining high capture recovery performance
2Device complexity
If CO2 concentration in flue gas is low (3-15%), then the adsorption process becomes more complex and energy-consuming, but conventional absorption processes increase electricity costs by 86%
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the partial pressure parameter of CO2 in the feed stream through the gas concentrator. By concentrating CO2 to achieve partial pressures above 0.1 atm, the process shifts from the low-efficiency regime of conventional absorption to the high-efficiency regime of Type V adsorbents, thereby reducing energy consumption without significantly increasing process complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite process system combining a gas concentrator with Type V metal-organic framework adsorbents. This composite approach integrates concentration and separation functions, achieving superior energy efficiency compared to conventional single-stage absorption processes while managing the complexity through functional integration
3Productivity
If CO2 must be compressed from 0.1 atm to 150 atm for 90% recovery, then the capture efficiency is improved, but the energy cost and operational complexity increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing CO2 concentration before the adsorption step, ensuring that the Type V adsorbent receives feed gas with sufficient CO2 partial pressure. This preliminary concentration eliminates the need for subsequent high-pressure compression to achieve 90% recovery, as the adsorbent can operate effectively at much lower pressures, dramatically reducing compression energy costs
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the operating pressure parameter from conventional high-pressure compression (0.1 atm to 150 atm) to low-pressure adsorption by using a gas concentrator to achieve optimal partial pressures (above 0.1 atm) at near-ambient conditions. This parameter change enables high capture efficiency without the prohibitive energy costs of high-pressure compression
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly improves the CO2 capture efficiency and recovery rates, allowing for a more economical CO2 removal process by leveraging the high working capacity of Type V adsorbents, even at low partial pressures, and reduces energy expenditure.
Implementation Method 1
Gas separation is important in many industries and can typically be accomplished by flowing a mixture of gases over an adsorbent that preferentially adsorbs a more readily adsorbed component relative to a less readily adsorbed component of the mixture
Implementation Method 2
a heat management system to minimize temperature increases during adsorption
Data Source
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AI summary
Systems and methods for cooling a feedstream, for concentration of a sorbate in the feedstream and subsequent adsorption utilizing a Type V adsorbent are provided. Preferentiallly, C02 is adsorbed on 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-diaminopropane (dmpn) appended to Mg2(dobpdc) (dobpdc = 4,4'-dioxido-3,3'- biphenyldicarboxylate) or on Ν,Ν'-dimethylethylenediamine (mmen) appended to Mg2(dobpdc).