Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Oil Blending for Plug-Free Hydroprocessing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Bio-crude oils from thermal decomposition, such as pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass, are not miscible with vegetable oils and fatty materials, leading to reactor plugging issues in industrial hydroprocessing due to high oxygen content and aromatic compounds.

Innovation Solution

Combining waste tyre pyrolysis oil, with low oxygen content and high aromatic compounds, with vegetable oils and fatty materials to create a miscible hydrocarbon feed, which is then processed through stabilization and hydroprocessing to reduce heavy end formation and improve diesel production.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If bio-crude oil from thermal decomposition is combined with vegetable oil for co-processing, then the oxygen content increases and aromatic compounds increase, but the miscibility deteriorates and reactor plugging occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoxygen contentVSAvoidmiscibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by carefully controlling the oxygen content of the bio-crude oil feed to be within 0.1-5 wt%, and adjusting the ratio of bio-crude oil to vegetable oil/co-f feed. By optimizing these parameters, the patent achieves miscibility between the feeds while maintaining sufficient oxygen and aromatic content for effective hydroprocessing and heavy end reduction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Quantity of substance

If bio-crude oil with high oxygen content is used, then the deoxygenation potential increases, but the miscibility with vegetable oil deteriorates and reactor plugging occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeoxygenation potentialVSAvoidreactor operation continuity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the oxygen content parameter of the bio-crude oil feed to a specific range (0.1-5 wt%) that balances deoxygenation potential with miscibility. This parameter optimization ensures that the feed has sufficient oxygen for effective HDO reactions while maintaining compatibility with vegetable oil and co-feed, preventing reactor plugging and ensuring continuous operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary characterization and preparation of the bio-crude oil feed before co-processing. By pre-assessing the oxygen content and aromatic composition of the bio-crude oil, the patent can determine appropriate mixing ratios with vegetable oil and co-feed to ensure miscibility and prevent plugging before the feeds enter the hydroprocessing reactor.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Stability of the object's composition

If the oxygen content in bio-crude oil is reduced below 2 wt%, then the miscibility with vegetable oil improves, but the aromatic content decreases and heavy end formation increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovemiscibilityVSAvoidaromatic content
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent identifies and optimizes multiple parameters simultaneously: oxygen content (0.1-5 wt%), aromatic content, and feed ratio. By adjusting these parameters in combination rather than optimizing oxygen content alone, the patent achieves both good miscibility and sufficient aromatic content to minimize heavy end formation during hydroprocessing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The process enables efficient hydroprocessing without reactor plugging, enhances diesel yield, and improves cold flow properties while maintaining compliance with fuel specifications.

Implementation Method 1

it has been found that despite that vegetable oil is not miscible in catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) bio-crude oil, it is miscible in waste tyre pyrolysis oil

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMiscibility:

Implementation Method 2

co-processing of these feeds in a hydroprocessing step such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrodeoxygenation:

Implementation Method 3

The solid feed stream comprises waste tyres, the thermal decomposition is pyrolysis, and the bio-crude oil feed is waste tyre pyrolysis oil

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPyrolysis: Pyrolysis

Data Source

PatentUS20260008962A1Hydroprocessing of waste tyre pyrolysis oil with vegetable and/or fatty material
Publication Date: 2026.01.08 HALDOR TOPSOE AS

AI summary

Process and plant for producing a hydrocarbon feed comprising: providing a bio-crude oil feed comprising 0.1-5 wt % oxygen (O); providing a vegetable oil and/or fatty material feed; combining the bio-crude oil comprising 0.1-5 wt % O with the vegetable oil and/or fatty material feed, for producing said hydrocarbon feed; wherein said bio-crude oil feed comprising 0.1-5 wt % O is a waste tyre pyrolysis oil feed.