Tyre Stud Recesses for Anchorage and Retention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Studded tires face challenges with stud retention during winter driving, as they are difficult to install and prone to being expelled from their housing, leading to reduced effectiveness due to significant stud loss.
Innovation Solution
The design features a stud with recesses in its head that deform and fill with rubber tread mix, providing enhanced anchorage and resistance to being pulled out, along with strategically positioned recesses to maximize anti-tilting torque and reduce road wear and noise.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If studs are inserted into tyre tread, then grip on icy surfaces is improved, but studs are expelled from their housing during driving
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-forming recesses in the stud head before insertion into the tyre tread. These recesses are strategically designed to receive and anchor rubber mix during the tyre manufacturing process, creating retention features before the stud is subjected to operational forces. This preliminary structuring ensures that when the tyre is assembled and inflated, the rubber mix naturally fills and locks into the recesses, securing the stud in place without requiring complex installation procedures.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by creating non-uniform recesses with varying depths and geometries at specific locations on the stud head. Rather than uniform anchoring across the entire stud surface, the recesses are positioned and dimensioned to provide targeted anchorage in critical areas where rubber mix contact is most effective. This localized approach optimizes retention while simplifying the overall installation process by focusing anchoring effort where it matters most.
2Reliability
If studs are made with larger head cross section, then retention in tyre is improved, but road wear and noise increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the stud head into multiple functional zones through the creation of several recesses distributed across the head surface. Instead of using a single large anchoring feature that would increase overall head size, the head is segmented into multiple smaller recesses that collectively provide equivalent or superior retention. This segmentation allows the stud to maintain a smaller, lighter head cross-section while achieving the same retention effect through distributed anchoring points.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies the porous materials principle by creating a recessed, cavity-containing structure in the stud head that allows rubber mix to penetrate and anchor. The recesses act as porous features that enable the rubber material to flow into and lock within the head structure, providing retention without requiring a solid, bulky head design. This approach reduces the head cross-section and associated road wear while maintaining effective anchorage through the cavity-rubber interaction.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution ensures better stud retention, improved grip on icy surfaces, reduced road wear, and noise, while maintaining effectiveness by maximizing anchorage and minimizing stud expulsion.
Implementation Method 1
When a stud such as this is inserted into a tyre that has a tread made of rubber mix, that part of the tread that envelopes the head of the stud deforms and thus fills the recess in the head of the stud, anchoring the stud more firmly into the tread
Data Source
Figure 1~4
Figure 5~9
Figure 10~13F
AI summary
Stud (30) for a tyre (10), the tyre comprising a tread (20) made of rubber mix, the stud having an axis (A-A) and two axial ends and comprising: a first part (60) configured to come into contact with the ground when the stud is fitted to the tyre and the tyre is rolling along the ground, this first part being positioned at one of the axial ends of the stud; a head (70) configured to anchor the stud into the tread of the tyre, the head being positioned at the other axial end of the stud; and a body (80) connecting the said first part and the head of the stud, the mean diameter of the body being smaller than the mean diameter of the head of the stud, these diameters being measured at right angles to the axis of the stud; in which the head comprises at least one recess (100) opening onto the surface of the head, the recess being configured to be filled with rubber mix of the tread so as to provide additional anchorage for the stud in the tread.