UAV Blade Inspection Flight Paths With Pose-Linked Sensor Data

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current wind turbine inspection methods using rope access teams are inefficient due to subjective judgment, limited coverage, and adverse weather conditions, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) lack accurate positioning for comprehensive data acquisition.

Innovation Solution

A method and UAV system that automatically flies along a reference flight path, acquiring sensor data with cameras and storing it along with pose metadata, using satellite and inertial navigation systems, and distance sensors to correct positioning and ensure comprehensive blade inspection.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If manual rope access teams are used for inspection, then comprehensive visual identification of defects can be achieved, but the inspection process is inefficient and subjective

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedefect detection accuracyVSAvoidinspection efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual mechanical inspection by rope access teams with an automated UAV-based inspection system. The UAV carries inspection sensors (cameras, LIDAR) that automatically capture and document blade conditions, eliminating subjective human judgment while maintaining comprehensive defect detection coverage across the entire blade surface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The system creates detailed digital copies of the turbine blades through high-resolution imaging and LIDAR scanning. These digital models serve as accurate representations of the physical blades, enabling precise defect identification and documentation without requiring manual physical inspection, thereby improving both accuracy and efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Productivity

If UAVs are used for inspection, then inspection efficiency is improved, but positioning accuracy is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinspection efficiencyVSAvoidpositioning accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple navigation and positioning systems including GPS, inertial measurement units (IMU), and LIDAR-based relative positioning. This combination of systems compensates for the limitations of individual systems, providing both the efficiency of automated UAV flight and the precision required for accurate blade inspection and defect localization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The system introduces a computer vision-based visual odometry system as an intermediary to bridge the gap between GPS positioning and precise blade surface mapping. This intermediary system uses visual features on the blade surface to accurately determine the UAV's position and orientation relative to the blade, achieving high positioning accuracy during efficient automated inspection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Loss of information

If automated flight paths are used, then comprehensive data acquisition is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata completenessVSAvoidflight control system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary actions by pre-planning flight paths and pre-positioning the UAV before actual inspection begins. Automated flight paths are pre-programmed based on blade geometry and inspection requirements, allowing the UAV to systematically cover the entire blade surface during execution. This ensures comprehensive data acquisition while managing system complexity through automated pre-computation rather than real-time complex decision-making.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides accurate, comprehensive, and seamless digital documentation of wind turbine blades, reducing the need for manual inspections and improving data quality, enabling more effective preventive maintenance and compliance.

Implementation Method 1

determining at least one of the pose of the UAV and the pose of the inspection sensor by integrating data from at least one of a satellite navigation system and an inertial navigation system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSatellite navigation:

Implementation Method 2

integrating data from at least one of a satellite navigation system and an inertial navigation system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInertial navigation:

Implementation Method 3

data from a distance sensor located on the UAV

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDistance measurement:

Data Source

PatentEP3679439B1Method and unmanned aerial vehicle for acquiring sensor data related to a wind turbine
Publication Date: 2022.03.16 SULZER & SCHMID LAB AG
  • EP3679439B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3679439B1 patent drawingFigure 2~5
  • EP3679439B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

A method for acquiring sensor data related to a wind turbine, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (4) comprising at least one inspection sensor, which can be a camera (42), for acquiring the sensor data (71), comprises the steps of: • determining a reference flight path (54a) for the UAV (4); • operating the UAV (4) to automatically fly along an actual flight path (54b) derived from the reference flight path (54a), • acquiring, as the UAV (4) flies along one or more sections of the actual flight path (54b), with the inspection sensor (42). multiple sets of sensor data (71), • storing each set of sensor data (71) in association with sensor pose data (74) that defines the pose of the inspection sensor (42) at the time at which the set of sensor data (71) was acquired.