UAV Terrain Imaging with Autonomous Sensor Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current UAV imaging methods require high bandwidth communication for manual control and data transmission, and existing systems lack efficient automated procedures for imaging large areas with reduced uncertainty in geolocation.

Innovation Solution

An automated imaging method for UAVs that involves determining and executing multiple procedures to capture images of terrain areas from different angles, minimizing overlap and optimizing route planning to ensure comprehensive coverage with reduced geolocation uncertainty.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If manual control and data transmission are used for UAV imaging, then the operator can directly control the UAV and sensors, but high bandwidth communication is required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedirect control capabilityVSAvoidcommunication bandwidth
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The UAV performs imaging operations autonomously without continuous human intervention. The onboard processors automatically plan procedures, control sensor positioning, and manage data collection, allowing the system to serve itself and eliminating the need for high-bandwidth communication channels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The control and processing functions are extracted from the remote operator and relocated to the UAV's onboard processors. This extraction eliminates the need for continuous communication between the operator and the UAV, reducing bandwidth requirements while maintaining operational capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Device complexity

If single-route imaging is used to cover large terrain areas, then the imaging procedure is simple, but geolocation uncertainty remains high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimaging procedure simplicityVSAvoidgeolocation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The imaging task is segmented into multiple procedures, each covering different portions of the terrain from different directions. The terrain area is divided into regions that are imaged sequentially along different routes, with each route providing complementary viewing angles that reduce geolocation uncertainty when combined.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The imaging approach transitions from a single-dimensional linear route to multi-dimensional coverage by implementing procedures that image the same terrain areas from different directional dimensions. This multi-angular imaging approach provides redundant geometric information that reduces geolocation uncertainty.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Quantity of substance

If automated imaging procedures are implemented, then communication bandwidth is reduced, but procedure planning complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecommunication bandwidthVSAvoidprocedure planning complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Imaging procedures are planned in advance before the UAV mission begins. The onboard processors pre-calculate optimal routes and sensor positioning strategies based on the target terrain area, eliminating the need for complex real-time decision-making and reducing communication requirements during execution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3077880B1Imaging method and apparatus
Publication Date: 2020.11.18 BAE SYSTEMS PLC
  • EP3077880B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3077880B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP3077880B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Disclosed is an imaging method for imaging terrain (40) using a sensor (20) on an unmanned aircraft (2). The method comprises: acquiring a range of motion of the sensor (20); acquiring positional information of the terrain (40); acquiring parameter values relating to aircraft manoeuvrability; using the acquired information, determining a procedure; performing, by the aircraft (2), the procedure and simultaneously capturing, by the sensor (20), a set of images of only parts of the terrain (40). The procedure comprises the aircraft (2) moving with respect to the area of terrain (40) and the sensor moving with respect to the aircraft (2) such that each point in the area of terrain (40) is coincident with a footprint (44) of the sensor (20) on the ground (8) for at least some time. Also, every point in the area of terrain (40) is present within at least one of the captured images.