UAV Water Surface Detection via Rotor-Induced Ripple Analysis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) cannot autonomously determine if a landing destination is a water surface, leading to potential damage upon mistaken landing.

Innovation Solution

The UAV generates a water surface ripple using its airflow generating apparatus, such as a rotor, to distinguish a water surface from a mirror surface, and processes images to determine the presence of a ripple, thereby avoiding landing on water.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the UAV uses conventional autonomous landing without water surface detection, then the landing process is simple and fast, but the UAV may land on water surface by mistake causing damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelanding safetyVSAvoiddetection system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary water surface detection before executing the landing action. The detection module captures images of the landing area and analyzes them to identify water surfaces in advance, allowing the UAV to adjust its landing plan before commitment to the landing sequence.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

An image processing module serves as an intermediary between the raw camera data and the landing control system. This module analyzes image features to generate water surface detection results, which then inform the landing control decisions, effectively mediating between perception and action.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If the UAV adds water surface detection capability, then the accuracy of identifying water surface is improved, but the detection precision requirement increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewater surface identification accuracyVSAvoiddetection algorithm complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The detection algorithm exploits color and texture differences between water surfaces and land. Water surfaces exhibit characteristic color patterns, reflectivity properties, and texture features that differ from terrestrial surfaces, allowing the system to distinguish them through image analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

Solution Approach 2:

The system utilizes airflow from the UAV's rotor to generate ripples on water surfaces. These ripples create distinctive visual patterns and motion characteristics that help differentiate water from land, adding a dynamic element to the detection process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

3Device complexity

If the UAV uses existing components for water surface detection, then the device complexity is reduced, but the detection capability may be insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent quantityVSAvoidwater surface detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The UAV's existing rotor, which serves the primary function of flight, is also utilized to generate airflow for water surface detection. This multi-functional use of the rotor eliminates the need for dedicated detection hardware while maintaining effective water surface identification capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The UAV uses its own rotor-generated airflow to create detection-friendly conditions on the water surface. The system essentially serves itself by using its flight mechanism to facilitate its own detection process, eliminating the need for external or additional specialized equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method effectively reduces damage from erroneous landings by accurately identifying water surfaces before landing, utilizing existing UAV components to generate airflow and process images for ripple detection.

Implementation Method 1

control the unmanned aerial vehicle to generate an airflow, where the airflow is used to generate a water surface ripple

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAirflow generation:

Data Source

PatentEP3728043B1Water surface detection method, unmanned aerial vehicle landing method and unmanned aerial vehicle
Publication Date: 2023.10.11 AUTEL ROBOTICS CO LTD
  • EP3728043B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3728043B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3728043B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The disclosure relates to a water surface detection method, an unmanned aerial vehicle landing method and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The detection method includes: controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to generate an airflow, where the airflow is used to generate a water surface ripple (101); obtaining an image of a landing area of the unmanned aerial vehicle and a flight parameter of the unmanned aerial vehicle (102); and processing the image, and determining, with reference to the flight parameter, whether the landing area has the water surface ripple (103). Damage caused by erroneous landing of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the water surface can be alleviated by determining whether the landing area has the water surface.