Urea-Formaldehyde Particles Coating NBPT for Fertilizer Flow
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Solution Overview
Problem
The combination of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) with PERGOPAK® M results in clumping, poor flow, dustiness, and odor issues, leading to inconsistent application and safety challenges in urea-based fertilizers, with limited long-term stability and storage concerns.
Innovation Solution
A composition comprising NBPT combined with urea-formaldehyde polymer (UFP) particles, where the UFP particles are adhered to or coat the NBPT, improving flow and density, and reducing dust, with optional inclusion of nitrification inhibitors and conditioners, forming a stable and uniform granular fertilizer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If NBPT is combined with PERGOPAK® M to coat or embed the inhibitor, then the urease inhibition function is achieved, but the mixture forms large clumps, has poor flow, and creates dust and odor issues
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a liquid carrier (such as water, alcohol, or oil-based solutions) as an intermediary medium to dissolve NBPT and facilitate its uniform distribution and coating onto urea particles. This liquid intermediary prevents direct clumping between NBPT and PERGOPAK® M, enabling smooth flowability and handling while maintaining the urease inhibition function.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical state and concentration parameters of NBPT by dissolving it in liquid carriers at specific concentrations (e.g., 1-10% w/v). This parameter change transforms NBPT from a solid waxy substance into a liquid solution that can be uniformly applied and mixed, eliminating clumping and improving flowability while preserving the inhibitor's active function.
2Reliability
If NBPT is applied directly to urea particles, then the inhibitor is delivered to the target, but the sticky and waxy nature of NBPT causes clumping and poor flow
Solution Approach 1:
The liquid carrier acts as a mediator between NBPT and urea particles, enabling NBPT to be delivered to the target without direct contact between the sticky inhibitor and urea surface. The liquid intermediary facilitates uniform coating and prevents clumping, simplifying the formulation process while ensuring reliable inhibitor delivery.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes NBPT from a solid waxy state to a liquid dissolved state by incorporating it into liquid carriers at controlled concentrations. This parameter change eliminates the sticky nature that causes clumping, simplifying formulation and application while maintaining effective delivery to urea particles.
3Ease of manufacture
If NBPT is dissolved in NMP and dried to form a solid for blending, then the inhibitor can be mixed with urea, but the solid forms clumps and has poor flow consistency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical state of NBPT from solid (after drying) back to liquid form by using liquid carriers. This parameter change eliminates clumping and improves flow consistency during mixing and application, while still enabling effective mixing with urea. The liquid state allows for more precise control of application levels.
4Duration of action of stationary object
If the NBPT/PERGOPAK® M mixture is stored long-term, then the product can be stored, but the mixture has limited stability and decomposes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the formulation from a solid mixture to a liquid-based system where NBPT is dissolved in stable liquid carriers. This parameter change improves chemical stability and prevents decomposition during storage, allowing for long-term storage while maintaining product integrity. The liquid carrier system provides more stable storage conditions than solid mixtures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The formulation enhances the flow and bulk density of the mixture, reduces dust, and provides a more uniform product with improved storage stability and safety, allowing for efficient and consistent application of urea-based fertilizers.
Implementation Method 1
a composition comprising an active agent combined with particles of a different material... wherein the particles are adhered to or coat the active agent
Data Source
AI summary
An improved composition comprising substantial spherical UFP particles and an active agent, such as NBPT, and optionally other components is used as an additive for liquid and solid fertilizers, typically containing urea. Methods of making the compositions and their use are also disclosed.