Ultracapacitor Charging Circuit With Temperature-Based Voltage Derating

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional ultracapacitors are sensitive to high temperatures and fail to operate efficiently at elevated temperatures, necessitating a solution to enhance their thermal tolerance.

Innovation Solution

A power management circuit that includes a temperature-sensing device and a power converter, which adjusts the drive voltage based on temperature readings using a derating curve to maintain efficient operation of ultracapacitors at higher temperatures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional ultracapacitors are used at high temperatures, then they fail to operate efficiently, but reducing the drive voltage limits their operational range

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational efficiencyVSAvoidoperational range
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic voltage adjustment by continuously monitoring temperature and modifying the drive voltage accordingly. The power management circuit dynamically adapts the charging voltage based on real-time temperature conditions, allowing the ultracapacitor to operate efficiently across a wider temperature range without sacrificing reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the electrical parameter (drive voltage) in response to temperature variations. By derating the drive voltage at elevated temperatures according to a predetermined curve, the system maintains operational efficiency while extending the usable temperature range through controlled parameter modification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If the drive voltage is reduced to maintain efficiency at high temperatures, then operational efficiency improves, but the power output decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational efficiencyVSAvoidpower output
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary protective action by preemptively reducing the drive voltage before thermal damage can occur. The power management circuit anticipates temperature-related efficiency degradation and adjusts the voltage in advance, preventing efficiency loss while managing power output through controlled derating.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the power management circuit continuously monitors temperature and adjusts the drive voltage accordingly. This closed-loop control ensures that voltage reduction occurs only when necessary for efficiency, maintaining optimal power output within safe thermal limits rather than uniformly reducing power.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Adaptability or versatility

If temperature monitoring and dynamic voltage adjustment are implemented, then high-temperature operation is enabled, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature rangeVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent integrates multiple functions into a single power management circuit that combines temperature sensing, voltage regulation, and control logic. This multi-functional approach enables high-temperature operation capability while minimizing the increase in device complexity by consolidating functions rather than adding separate dedicated components for each function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution allows ultracapacitors to operate effectively at higher temperatures by dynamically adjusting the drive voltage, thereby extending their operational range and maintaining performance under thermal stress.

Implementation Method 1

a temperature-sensing device and a power converter, which adjusts the drive voltage based on temperature readings

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature sensing: Thermistor

Data Source

PatentEP3459156B1System and method for charging a capacitor
Publication Date: 2023.11.29 KYOCERA AVX COMPONENTS CORP
  • EP3459156B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3459156B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3459156B1 patent drawing

AI summary

Systems and methods of charging and discharging an ultracapacitor are disclosed. In one embodiment, a circuit for charging a capacitor can include a power source configured to provide a source voltage. The circuit can further include an ultracapacitor, a temperature sensing device, a power converter, and one or more control devices configured to receive signals indicative of a temperature from the temperature sensing device, and to control operation of the power converter based at least in part on the one or more signals indicative of the temperature.