Ultrasonic Transducer Array for Deep Brain Stimulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional neurostimulation methods, such as TMS and tDCS, have poor spatial resolution and cannot target deep brain tissues, while surgical implantation of electrodes carries risks like infection, making non-invasive methods with higher spatial-temporal resolution necessary for effective neurological treatments.
Innovation Solution
The use of two opposed ultrasonic transducers to create specific interference patterns, such as standing waves or beat patterns, to achieve effective neural stimulation with minimal power, allowing for flexible stimulation parameters like carrier frequency, pulse repetition frequency, and phase control, enabling targeted neural modulation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If conventional neurostimulation methods (TMS, tDCS) are used, then non-invasive stimulation is achieved, but spatial resolution is poor and deep brain tissues cannot be targeted
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the stimulation field into multiple discrete focal points by using multiple transducers arranged in an array, each capable of independently focusing ultrasound energy at specific locations. This segmentation allows precise targeting of deep brain structures while maintaining non-invasive operation, directly resolving the contradiction between ease of non-invasive operation and spatial resolution precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from conventional two-dimensional surface stimulation to three-dimensional volumetric stimulation by using multiple transducers positioned at different locations and depths. This dimensional expansion enables precise targeting of deep brain tissues while maintaining non-invasive access, simultaneously improving both ease of operation and spatial resolution.
2Measurement precision
If surgical implantation of electrodes is used, then high spatial resolution and effective neural stimulation are achieved, but risks of infection and complications increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical electrode implantation system with an acoustic field-based ultrasonic stimulation system. By substituting mechanical electrodes with non-invasive ultrasonic waves that can penetrate tissue to reach deep brain structures, the patent eliminates infection risks associated with surgical implantation while maintaining high spatial resolution through precise acoustic focusing.
3Device complexity
If a single transducer is used for ultrasonic neurostimulation, then simple device structure is maintained, but spatial-temporal resolution and stimulation effectiveness are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple transducers into a coordinated array system where each transducer contributes to creating multiple discrete focal points. This merging of multiple simple transducer units achieves high spatial-temporal resolution and enhanced stimulation effectiveness while keeping each individual transducer unit simple in structure, thus resolving the contradiction between device complexity and performance.
4Measurement precision
If multiple transducers are used in an array to decrease focal volume, then spatial specificity is improved, but interference patterns create complex space-time strain patterns that are difficult to control
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dynamic control of transducer arrays by adjusting phase, frequency, and amplitude parameters in real-time to shape and relocate interference patterns. This dynamic adjustment capability allows precise control over the complex space-time strain patterns generated by multiple transducers, enabling adaptation to different target locations and tissue properties while maintaining high spatial specificity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides non-invasive, high spatial-temporal resolution ultrasonic neurostimulation capable of targeting deep brain tissues, reducing the risk of complications and offering a versatile clinical tool for various neurological conditions by optimizing stimulation efficiency and specificity.
Implementation Method 1
creating an interference pattern between at least two transducers... the interference pattern generated will either produce standing waves (the frequencies are the same) or a beat pattern (the frequencies are slightly different)
Implementation Method 2
These different interference patterns will produce different space-time patterns of mechanical strain arising from radiation force that will alter neurostimulation
Implementation Method 3
Ultrasonic neurostimulation is a relatively new technology... ultrasonic neuro-stimulation has the advantage that it can reach deep into the brain or other tissue with higher spatial resolution
Data Source
AI summary
Improved acoustic neurostimulation is provided by having two or more acoustic transducers generate an acoustic interference pattern in a region of a patient being treated. The apparatus has at least two operating modes it can switch between. A first operating mode has the transducers driven at the same frequency. A second operating mode has the transducers driven at different frequencies. Full control of the acoustic transducers allows the acoustic interference pattern to be varied electronically at will.