Under-Display Biometric Imaging via Multi-Spectral Pixel Filtering

The patent transitions from spatial resolution improvement (smaller pixels) to spectral dimension exploitation by placing multiple color filter elements over each pixel. Each pixel captures light across multiple spectral bands through different color filters (e.g., red, green, blue, cyan, yellow, magenta), enabling high-resolution imaging without reducing pixel physical size, thus avoiding increased manufacturing costs.

The patent changes the operational parameters of the image sensor by introducing multiple color filter elements that transmit different spectral bands. Instead of relying solely on spatial sampling density, the system uses spectral parameter differentiation to increase the effective information content captured by each pixel, achieving enhanced resolution through multi-spectral imaging rather than spatial downsampling.

The patent makes each pixel multi-functional by equipping it with multiple color filter elements simultaneously. Each pixel serves not only as a single-point spatial sensor but also as a multi-spectral detector, capturing information across multiple wavelength bands. This universal approach allows the same pixel structure to perform multiple imaging functions without requiring separate sensor arrays for different spectral bands.

The patent merges multiple color filter functions into a single integrated filter array structure positioned over the photodetector pixel array. Instead of using separate sensor arrays for different color channels, the invention combines multiple color filters (first color array and second color array) in one location, allowing simultaneous capture of multiple spectral bands by each pixel and simplifying the overall device architecture.