Unequal Decision Regions for Optical Bandwidth

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current optical communication systems face limitations in bandwidth utilization, particularly when using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), as they do not efficiently utilize the available bandwidth, leading to bottlenecks in data transmission with existing techniques like Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Digital Domain Power Division Multiplexing (DDPDM), which require complex processing and cannot support multiple transmitters with different power levels simultaneously.

Innovation Solution

The system employs multiple light sources transmitting at different power levels on the same wavelength, using detection models based on Poisson probability distributions to differentiate between data streams, allowing for simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams on a single optical link, thereby increasing bandwidth without requiring complex interference cancellation or remodulation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is used to create multiple channels, then the data transmission capacity increases, but the bandwidth utilization remains inefficient and bottlenecks occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata transmission capacityVSAvoidbandwidth utilization efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameter of photon count decision regions from equal to unequal, allowing different channels to have different decision region sizes based on their power levels. This enables more efficient bandwidth utilization by optimizing the detection process for each channel's specific characteristics, resolving the bottleneck in data transmission capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If Amplitude Modulation (AM) or Digital Domain Power Division Multiplexing (DDPDM) is used to transmit multiple data streams, then the bandwidth increases, but the processing complexity and hardware requirements become excessive

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovebandwidthVSAvoidprocessing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the interference cancellation and remodulation processes from the system, replacing them with a simpler photon count-based detection approach. By using unequal decision regions that directly account for different power levels, the system achieves multiple data stream transmission without the complex processing required by AM or DDPDM.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent substitutes the mechanical/electronic processing systems (interference cancellation, remodulation) with an optical detection approach based on photon counting. This replacement simplifies the hardware and software requirements while maintaining the ability to transmit multiple data streams simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Productivity

If multiple transmitters with different power levels are used simultaneously, then the bandwidth utilization improves, but the detection and measurement complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebandwidth utilizationVSAvoiddetection complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating unequal decision regions tailored to each channel's specific power level characteristics. Instead of using a uniform detection approach, each channel receives customized decision boundaries that optimize detection for its power level, simplifying the overall detection process while improving bandwidth utilization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly increases the bandwidth of each optical communication path, allowing for multiple data streams to be transmitted on a single link, doubling or tripling the bandwidth, while simplifying the hardware and software requirements for demultiplexing, and adapting to variations in transmitter power levels and aging circuitry.

Implementation Method 1

a receiver which employs a photon detection module to detect the light signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric Effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

a light source at one end that transmits one or more data streams by modulating the data stream into light signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight emission: Light

Data Source

PatentEP3939185B1Unequal decision regions for throughput increases for optical communications
Publication Date: 2024.08.14 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP3939185B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3939185B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3939185B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Disclosed in some examples, are optical devices, systems, and machine-readable mediums that send and receive multiple streams of data across a same optical communication path (e.g., a same fiber optic fiber) with a same wavelength using different light sources transmitting at different power levels - thereby increasing the bandwidth of each optical communication path. Each light source corresponding to each stream transmits at a same frequency and on the same optical communication path using a different power level. The receiver differentiates the data for each stream by applying one or more detection models to the photon counts observed at the receiver to determine likely bit assignments for each stream.