Universal Opto-Coupled Voltage System for Wide Input Range
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing voltage source systems require multiple versions of controllers and voltage dividers to accommodate different voltage levels, leading to complexity, potential damage from incorrect voltage selection, and increased heat dissipation due to resistive voltage dividers.
Innovation Solution
A universal opto-coupled input circuit that automatically adapts to input voltages from 15 to 300 volts RMS DC or AC, using a bias generator to produce a proportional output voltage for opto-coupled input circuits, which limits current and reduces power dissipation by only activating inputs when necessary.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple versions of controllers and voltage dividers are used to accommodate different voltage levels, then the system can handle various voltage inputs, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal opto-coupled input circuit that can accept a wide range of input voltages (15-300V RMS DC or AC) through a single standardized interface. The circuit uses a bias generator that automatically adapts to the input voltage level and generates a proportional output voltage (3.3V or 5V) suitable for opto-coupled input circuits, eliminating the need for multiple voltage-specific controller versions while maintaining full compatibility across the entire voltage range.
2Adaptability or versatility
If resistive voltage dividers are used to reduce high voltages, then voltage transformation is achieved, but heat dissipation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the traditional resistive voltage division mechanism with an opto-coupled circuit architecture. Instead of using resistors to drop voltage (which dissipate power as heat), the system uses a bias generator to create a proportional voltage relationship through current-controlled opto-couplers. This substitution eliminates the continuous power dissipation associated with resistive dividers while maintaining the ability to transform wide input voltages to suitable logic levels.
3Reliability
If opto-coupled input circuits are kept active continuously, then signal detection is always available, but power dissipation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic sampling of input signals rather than continuous monitoring. The bias generator and opto-coupled input circuits are activated only during specific time windows when signal measurement is actually needed (e.g., at the positive peak of each line cycle). This periodic operation reduces the duty cycle of the opto-coupled circuits from continuous (100%) to intermittent (less than 20% in typical implementations), thereby reducing power dissipation by at least 50% while maintaining reliable signal detection capability when required.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution allows a single circuit to function across a wide voltage range without the need for multiple products, reducing power dissipation by at least 50% and preventing damage from incorrect voltage connections.
Implementation Method 1
universal opto-coupled input circuit that automatically adapts to any AC or DC input voltage
Implementation Method 2
bias generator circuit that uses line voltage levels to generate a proportional output voltage that is sent to each of the multiple opto-coupled input signal circuits
Data Source
AI summary
A system for providing one or more voltages at predetermined magnitudes. The system may be supplied with power having a range of voltage magnitudes without affecting the predetermined magnitudes of the one or more voltages provided by the system and without a need to change circuitry of the system. The system may be connected, for example, from 28 VDC to 250 VAC without affecting the predetermined magnitudes of the output voltage or voltages. This system is protected from a mistaken power hook-up thought to be for 28 VDC but actually being connected to 250 VAC, which could be a disaster for a system not having the present circuitry. The system may be used for supplying power for opto-couplers in relay detection and other applications. The system may incorporate lightning and reverse polarity protection, reference and regulated voltages, an output driver, and input isolation circuitry.