Universal Plug for AC and DC Grids Using Asymmetrical Geometry

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Solution Overview

Problem

The transition from AC to DC grids poses a challenge as existing solutions do not provide a standardized universal plug that can seamlessly connect to both conventional AC and emerging DC sockets, risking mis-insertion and improper voltage polarity.

Innovation Solution

A universal plug design derived from the geometric intersection of AC and asymmetrical DC socket shapes, featuring a round body with square grooves for grounding and a protruding pin configuration, ensuring correct polarity and preventing reverse insertion, compatible with both AC and DC sockets.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a universal plug design is created to work with both AC and DC sockets, then adaptability is improved, but device complexity increases due to the need for geometric intersection of different socket shapes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompatibility with AC and DC socketsVSAvoidplug structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The DC socket is designed with an asymmetrical shape (square recess with protrusion on one side) to prevent reverse insertion and ensure correct polarity connection. This asymmetrical design is key to the universal plug's ability to differentiate between AC and DC connections while maintaining safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The universal plug is designed with a body that combines features of both AC and DC plugs, allowing it to function in both AC Type F sockets and asymmetrical DC sockets. The plug integrates grounding clips on both sides (for AC Type F compatibility) and a square groove configuration (for DC socket compatibility), enabling multi-functional use across different grid types.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If asymmetrical DC socket with protrusion is used to prevent reverse insertion, then reliability is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates due to restricted insertion directions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprevention of mis-insertionVSAvoidinsertion convenience
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The asymmetrical design with protrusion ensures that the plug can only be inserted in the correct orientation, preventing reverse insertion and ensuring proper polarity connection. This geometric constraint provides inherent safety against mis-insertion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The asymmetrical socket design performs the safety function automatically through its geometric structure alone, without requiring additional protective devices or complex control systems. The shape itself provides the protection against reverse insertion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Adaptability or versatility

If grounding clips are added to both sides of the plug for AC Type F compatibility, then adaptability is improved, but device complexity increases due to additional grounding components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompatibility with Type F socketVSAvoidnumber of grounding components
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The grounding clips on both sides of the plug serve dual purposes: they provide grounding connection for AC Type F sockets and simultaneously work with the asymmetrical DC socket's grounding mechanism, reducing the need for separate grounding components for different socket types.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The plug design merges the grounding functionality for both AC and DC systems into a single unified structure. The grounding clips are positioned and shaped to accommodate both AC Type F and asymmetrical DC socket requirements, consolidating what could have been separate grounding mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP3968471B1An universal electric plug for residential DC and ac grids
Publication Date: 2024.05.08 TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
  • EP3968471B1 patent drawingFigure 1(a)~2(b)
  • EP3968471B1 patent drawingFigure 3(a)~4
  • EP3968471B1 patent drawingFigure 5(a)~5(d)

AI summary

The present invention proposes the new universal plug that can be plugged into conventional AC socket (Type F) and an asymmetrical power socket that can be used as DC socket. This asymmetrical DC socket has anti-mis-insertion power interface connector and protection from the AC plugs insertion. The shape of body of the universal electric plug is realised by the geometric intersection of the shape of the body of the AC plug and the shape of the recess of the any possible asymmetric DC outlet and the groove or trimmed edge forming any asymmetrical shape is located in side of plug body on an axis parallel to the axis of the two grounding grooves.