Blockchain Unlocking Transaction Constraints for Concurrent State Machines

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing blockchain systems lack the ability to efficiently implement complex constraints and state transitions in smart contract transactions, limiting their functionality and security in decentralized environments.

Innovation Solution

A state machine is integrated within the blockchain transaction processing structure, utilizing cryptographic and mathematical techniques to enforce security and enforce complex constraints in smart contract transactions, allowing for concurrent and deterministic processing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If existing blockchain systems process smart contract transactions, then basic transaction functionality is maintained, but the ability to efficiently implement complex constraints and state transitions is limited

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveconstraint implementation capabilityVSAvoidtransaction processing efficiency

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the transaction processing into distinct state machine transitions, where each constraint is evaluated as a separate state transition rule. This allows complex constraints to be broken down into manageable, independently verifiable state changes, improving both implementability and processing efficiency.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamic state machine evaluation where constraints are not statically checked but evolve through defined state transitions. The system dynamically evaluates whether transitioning from one state to another satisfies the required constraints, enabling efficient processing of complex smart contract logic.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If cryptographic techniques are used to enforce security in blockchain transactions, then trustless verification is achieved, but processing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetransaction securityVSAvoidprocessing system complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a state machine as an intermediary layer between the cryptographic verification and the business logic. This intermediary structures the verification process into predefined states and transitions, reducing the complexity of directly implementing complex cryptographic checks while maintaining security.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameters of verification from ad-hoc cryptographic checks to structured state transition evaluations. By parameterizing the verification process around state machines with defined transition rules, the system maintains cryptographic security while reducing processing complexity through systematic evaluation.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Stability of the object's composition

If deterministic processing is implemented in blockchain transactions, then consistency is improved, but flexibility in handling concurrent transactions is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetransaction processing consistencyVSAvoidconcurrent transaction handling

Core Design Contradiction:

Stability of the object's compositionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments concurrent transactions into independent state machine transitions that can be evaluated deterministically. Each transaction is processed as a discrete state change, allowing consistent deterministic verification while maintaining the ability to handle multiple concurrent transactions through parallel state evaluation.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The state machine framework provides a universal processing mechanism that handles both deterministic verification and concurrent transaction processing through a single unified model. The same state transition rules apply regardless of transaction timing or order, providing consistency while accommodating concurrency.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentUS12493877B2Constraints on outputs of an unlocking transaction in a blockchain

Publication Date: 2025.12.09 NCHAIN LICENSING AG

AI summary

Trustless deterministic state machines can be implemented using a blockchain infrastructure and state machines can run concurrently over more than one blockchain transaction. Disclosed herein are processes, apparatuses, and articles of manufacture to create, at a node, a first transaction that includes 1) a first output having a first spendable value and a first locking script and 2) a second output having a second spendable value and a second locking script. Included, in the first locking script, is a first set of constraints on a first selected transaction output. Included, in the second locking script, a second set of constraints on a second selected transaction output. Furthermore, either the first set of constraints or the second set of constraints is configured to impose a constraint on a locking script of a spending transaction having as a spending transaction output the first selected transaction output or the second selected transaction output.