Urea-Containing Silanes for Rubber Adhesion and Processing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Urea-containing silanes in rubber mixtures exhibit poor processing behavior, wet slip properties, and low dynamic stiffness, which are limitations in their application and performance.
Innovation Solution
Development of urea-containing silanes with specific molecular structures and production processes that enhance processing behavior, wet slip properties, and dynamic stiffness, involving the reaction of aminosilanes with isocyanates and sodium sulfide, allowing for improved molecular ratios, reaction conditions, and solvent use to produce high-yield products with minimal residual impurities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional urea-containing silanes are used in rubber mixtures, then adhesion and crosslinking functions are provided, but processing behavior deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the molecular structure of urea-containing silanes by changing the alkylene bridge length (R groups) between the urea and silane functions. By systematically varying these structural parameters, the invention achieves optimal balance between adhesion performance and processing behavior, resolving the contradiction between reliability and ease of operation.
2Reliability
If conventional urea-containing silanes are used in rubber mixtures, then crosslinking functionality is provided, but wet slip properties deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the structural parameters of the silane molecule, specifically the length and type of alkylene bridges (R groups), to achieve optimal wet slip properties while maintaining crosslinking functionality. This parameter optimization resolves the contradiction between reliability and ease of operation regarding wet slip.
3Reliability
If conventional urea-containing silanes are used in rubber mixtures, then adhesion and crosslinking functions are provided, but dynamic stiffness deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enhances dynamic stiffness by optimizing the molecular structure of the silane, particularly through selecting specific R groups that promote favorable interactions with rubber molecules. This structural parameter optimization simultaneously maintains adhesion performance while improving dynamic stiffness, resolving the contradiction between reliability and strength.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting urea-containing silanes demonstrate improved processing behavior, wet slip properties, and dynamic stiffness in rubber mixtures, making them more suitable for applications such as adhesion promoters and crosslinking agents in rubber products.
Implementation Method 1
reacting a aminosilane of the formula II with an isocyanate of the formula III
Implementation Method 2
reacting the urea-containing intermediate of the formula V with sodium sulfide of the formula IV
Implementation Method 3
oligomers which are formed by hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxysilane functions
Implementation Method 4
oligomers which are formed by hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxysilane functions
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to urea-containing silanes of formula I which are produced by reacting in a first step an aminosilane of formula II with an isocyanate of formula III and in a second step reacting the product from the first process step with sodium sulfide of formula IV Na2S (IV) or by reacting in a first step an isocyanatosilane of formula VI with an amine of formula VII and in a second step reacting the product from the first process step with sodium sulfide of formula IV Na2S (IV).