Urea-Containing Silanes for Rubber Reinforcement
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Solution Overview
Problem
Urea-containing silanes in rubber mixtures exhibit poor reinforcing behavior and high rolling resistance, which are not effectively addressed by existing technologies.
Innovation Solution
Development of urea-containing silanes with specific chemical structures and production processes that enhance their reinforcing behavior and rolling resistance, including reaction with sulfur under controlled conditions and application to carriers like wax, polymer, or carbon black, and silica with physical or chemical binding.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If conventional urea-containing silanes are used in rubber mixtures, then processing is simplified, but reinforcing behavior is poor and rolling resistance is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the silane by introducing specific alkyl chains of controlled lengths (n=1-10) and branching structures at different positions (alpha, beta, gamma carbons). This modifies the silane's interaction with rubber and silica, improving reinforcing behavior while maintaining processing benefits, thereby resolving the contradiction between ease of manufacture and strength.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite functional structure where the silane molecule combines multiple functional groups (urea, siloxane, and customized alkyl chains) in one molecule. This composite structure enables simultaneous achievement of good processing behavior and enhanced reinforcing properties, resolving the contradiction between ease of manufacture and strength.
2Ease of manufacture
If conventional urea-containing silanes are used in rubber mixtures, then processing is simplified, but rolling resistance is high
Solution Approach 1:
By changing the physical parameters of the silane through customized alkyl chain lengths and branching, the patent optimizes the compound's dynamic mechanical properties. This reduces energy loss during deformation cycles, lowering rolling resistance while preserving the processing advantages, thus resolving the contradiction between ease of manufacture and energy efficiency.
3Ease of manufacture
If existing silane structures are used, then synthesis is straightforward, but reinforcing indices are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by introducing specific functional groups (urea, siloxane) and customized alkyl chains at specific positions within the molecule. This localized structural optimization enhances reinforcing indices at the molecular level while maintaining overall synthesis feasibility, resolving the contradiction between synthesis simplicity and strength.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The new urea-containing silanes demonstrate improved processing behavior and reduced rolling resistance in rubber mixtures, effectively addressing the limitations of prior silanes by enhancing reinforcing indices and dynamic mechanical properties.
Implementation Method 1
A first process for producing the urea-containing silanes of the formula I according to the invention wherein an aminosilane of the formula III (III) reacted with sulfur
Implementation Method 2
a amine of the formula VIII (VIII) with an isocyanate of the formula VII (VII)
Implementation Method 3
The urea-containing silanes of the formula I can be applied to a silica, whereby the binding can be carried out physically or chemically
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to urea-containing silanes of formula I which are produced by reacting urea-containing disulfide silanes of formula II with sulfur, or by reacting in a first step an aminosilane of formula III with an isocyanate of formula IV and in a second step reacting the product from the first process step with sodium polysulfide of formula (V) Na2Sx (V), or by reacting in a first step an isocyanatosilane of formula VII with an amine of formula VIII and in a second step reacting the product from the first process step with sodium polysulfide of formula (V) Na2Sx (V).