Urine Cyclohexanone Detection for Lung Cancer Diagnosis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional tumor markers, such as high molecular substances in blood, result in unsatisfactory cancer diagnosis due to high rates of false negatives and false positives in lung cancer detection.
Innovation Solution
Quantitative determination of cyclohexanone in urine samples using gas chromatography or other methods to diagnose lung cancer, with a threshold concentration of 1 μM or greater indicating lung cancer presence.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional tumor markers (high molecular substances in blood) are used for diagnosis, then the diagnostic method is established, but the reliability is poor due to high false negative and false positive rates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the molecular weight parameter of the tumor marker from high molecular (conventional markers) to low molecular weight (100-500 Da), and changes the sample type from blood to urine. This parameter change results in markers that are more stable, less variable between individuals, and detectable with higher precision, thereby improving both reliability and measurement precision simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces the conventional approach of detecting high molecular substances in blood with a new approach of detecting low molecular volatile compounds in urine. This substitution fundamentally changes the detection system, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to detect volatile organic compounds, which eliminates the variability issues associated with conventional blood-based markers
2Ease of operation
If blood samples are collected for tumor marker testing, then the diagnostic process can be performed, but the ease of operation is reduced due to invasive sampling
Solution Approach 1:
The invention enables patients to self-collect urine samples without requiring medical professionals or invasive procedures. Urine collection is a natural, non-invasive process that patients can perform themselves, eliminating the need for needle punctures or other invasive sampling methods required for blood collection
Solution Approach 2:
The invention utilizes urine, a fluid that naturally exits the body, as the sample medium instead of blood which requires invasive extraction. This hydraulic approach (using fluid flow) replaces the mechanical invasion of blood sampling, making the process non-invasive and significantly improving ease of operation while eliminating sampling discomfort
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method provides a non-invasive and accurate means to determine lung cancer diagnosis, reducing false positives and negatives, and is applicable to both human and primate subjects.
Implementation Method 1
measuring the concentration of cyclohexanone contained in the urine sample
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a method for assessing if a patient is affected with a lung cancer. The method includes analyzing the presence and amount of cyclohexanone contained in the urine excreted from the patient and determining if the presence and amount of cyclohexanone is indicative of lung cancer.