USB Isolator Control for Enumeration Across Isolated Circuits
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing USB isolators lack the capability for controlled enumeration and effective communication of status between upstream and downstream circuit systems, limiting their functionality in galvanically isolated environments.
Innovation Solution
A USB isolator system that supports controlled enumeration by using a multi-mode voltage regulator, refresh timers, and watchdog mechanisms to manage communication errors, enabling robust operation across different voltage domains and startup conditions, and utilizing isolator devices like micro-transformers, capacitors, or GMR couplers for data exchange.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a USB isolator provides basic data transmission across an isolation barrier, then galvanic isolation is achieved, but controlled enumeration and status communication capabilities are lacking
Solution Approach 1:
The isolator device is designed to perform multiple functions including data transmission, controlled enumeration, and status communication through a single integrated structure. The upstream and downstream controllers work together to provide both galvanic isolation and USB protocol management, eliminating the need for separate dedicated devices for each function.
Solution Approach 2:
The isolator device acts as an intermediary between upstream and downstream circuit systems, providing not only galvanic isolation but also facilitating controlled enumeration and status communication. The dual-controller architecture enables the isolator to mediate USB protocol interactions while maintaining isolation, resolving the contradiction between added functionality and device complexity.
2Adaptability or versatility
If additional isolation devices are used to enable controlled enumeration and status communication, then functionality is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the functions of data transmission, controlled enumeration, and status communication into a single isolator device. The upstream and downstream controllers are integrated within the same device package, combining multiple isolation functions that would traditionally require separate devices into one unified solution.
Solution Approach 2:
The isolator device is designed as a universal component that handles multiple USB-related functions including data transmission, enumeration control, and status communication. This multi-functional design eliminates the need for additional specialized isolation devices, reducing overall system complexity while improving adaptability.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the USB isolator supports multiple voltage domains and startup conditions, then operational robustness is improved, but power consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The isolator employs dynamic voltage regulation through upstream and downstream voltage regulators that adapt to different voltage domains and startup conditions. The system can dynamically adjust its operation mode based on power availability, switching between full functionality and power-saving modes to maintain voltage domain compatibility while managing power consumption effectively.
Solution Approach 2:
The isolator changes its operational parameters including voltage levels and power consumption based on startup conditions and operating mode. The dual-controller architecture enables parameter adjustment to support multiple voltage domains while implementing power management strategies that reduce energy usage during normal operation and suspend modes.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The USB isolator system enables persistent, power-efficient operation with controlled enumeration and error management, facilitating seamless communication between galvanically isolated circuit systems while minimizing power consumption and avoiding the need for additional isolation devices.
Implementation Method 1
isolator transceivers (130.1-130.2) that generate and transmit pulses across isolator devices (120.1-120.4)
Implementation Method 2
isolator receiver unit (130.2) that detects transitions of an input signal in response to pulses received from the isolator transmitter unit (130.1)
Implementation Method 3
isolator devices like micro-transformers, capacitors, or GMR couplers for data exchange
Implementation Method 4
isolator devices like micro-transformers, capacitors, or GMR couplers for data exchange
Implementation Method 5
isolator devices like micro-transformers, capacitors, or GMR couplers for data exchange
Data Source
AI summary
A USB-based isolator system conveys USB signals between a pair of galvanically isolated circuit systems and supports controlled enumeration by a downstream device on upstream USB signal lines. The isolator system provides a multi-mode voltage regulator to support multiple voltage supply configurations. The isolator system further provides control systems for each of the isolated circuit systems and provides robust control in a variety of start up conditions. Additionally, the isolator system includes refresh timers and watchdog mechanisms to support persistent operation but manage possible communication errors that can arise between the isolated circuit systems.