User Agent String Analysis for Spoofed Activity Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Malicious actors manipulate user agent string characteristics to spoof authorized customer interactions, making it difficult for enterprise organizations to identify unauthorized digital activities effectively.

Innovation Solution

An enterprise organization leverages historical data to identify known viable parameters from user agent strings, using machine learning models to analyze and compare parameters in real-time, flagging unauthorized activities, and executing mitigation actions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional user agent string analysis is used, then implementation simplicity is maintained, but detection precision deteriorates due to spoofing capabilities of malicious actors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection precisionVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary actions by collecting historical user agent string data and training machine learning models in advance. The model is trained on historical data containing authentic user agent patterns before deployment, enabling it to detect spoofing attempts without requiring complex real-time analysis infrastructure. This preliminary training phase resolves the contradiction by preparing detection capabilities beforehand, reducing the need for complex runtime processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces machine learning models as an intermediary between raw user agent string data and detection decisions. Instead of directly analyzing user agent strings with simple rule-based systems, the ML model serves as a mediator that has learned authentic patterns from historical data. This intermediary layer significantly improves detection precision while keeping the overall system architecture relatively simple, as the complex pattern recognition is encapsulated within the trained model.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If comprehensive parameter comparison is performed, then detection reliability is improved, but processing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection reliabilityVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies partial action by comparing only the most critical parameters extracted from user agent strings against historical data. Rather than performing exhaustive analysis of all possible parameters, the system identifies and compares key parameters such as browser type, version, operating system, and device information. This selective comparison approach maintains high detection reliability by focusing on the most discriminative features while significantly reducing processing time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical rule-based comparison systems with machine learning-based detection. Instead of manually defining and checking against numerous rigid rules, the ML model automatically learns which parameters are most important for detection from historical data. This substitution reduces processing time by eliminating the need for complex rule evaluation while maintaining or improving reliability through data-driven pattern recognition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Difficulty of detecting and measuring

If machine learning models are deployed for real-time analysis, then detection capability is improved, but computational resources increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection capabilityVSAvoidcomputational resources
Core Design Contradiction:
Difficulty of detecting and measuringVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs the computationally intensive work of pattern recognition during the offline model training phase using historical data. Once trained, the ML model contains condensed knowledge that can be applied quickly to new user agent strings with minimal computational resources. This preliminary action resolves the contradiction by shifting the heavy computational burden to an offline phase, enabling real-time detection with reduced resource requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs lightweight ML models that can be deployed as portable detection components. These models are designed to be computationally efficient, using simpler architectures that require fewer resources during inference. The models can be easily deployed and replaced if needed, providing high detection capability while minimizing ongoing computational resource consumption during real-time operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Data Source

PatentUS12574390B2Unauthorized activity detection based on user agent string
Publication Date: 2026.03.10 BANK OF AMERICA CORP
  • US12574390B2 patent drawing
  • US12574390B2 patent drawing
  • US12574390B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Arrangements for cyber threat detection are provided. In some aspects, a request for an enterprise event may be received. The request may be received from a user computing device and may include a user agent string associated with the user computing device. The user agent string may be parsed to identify parameters associated with the request. The request may then be analyzed to determine whether it is unauthorized. Analyzing the request may include comparing the identified parameters to known viable parameters identified from historical hardware and/or software data. Based on the comparing, if the identified parameters match the known viable parameters, the requested event may be processed. If the identified parameters do not match the known viable parameters, the event may be flagged and transmitted to an enterprise organization computing system for further analysis and/or executing of one or more mitigation actions.