User-Plane Failover State Recovery for Policy and Charging

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Solution Overview

Problem

In mobile networking architectures with Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS), user-plane element failures lead to loss of metadata during deep packet inspection, resulting in under-charging or over-charging subscribers and degrading their experience due to the inability to classify ongoing flows accurately post-failure.

Innovation Solution

A method is provided to recover the last matched rule for ongoing flows by communicating restoration information, including flow identification and policy details, between the user-plane and control-plane elements using the Sx/N4 interface, ensuring consistent charging and policy application post-failure.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If user-plane element failover is implemented for high availability, then system reliability is improved, but metadata information is lost causing charging and policy errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuser-plane element availabilityVSAvoidmetadata information
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by storing restoration information (including flow identification and last matched rule) in the control-plane element before user-plane element failure occurs. This pre-stored information enables the failed user-plane element to recover its state without loss of metadata, resolving the contradiction between high availability through failover and preservation of critical information.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Measurement precision

If deep packet inspection is performed for accurate charging, then measurement precision is improved, but service disruption occurs during failover

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflow classification accuracyVSAvoidservice disruption time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies copying by creating a replica of the user-plane element's state (restoration information including flow identification and last matched rule) and storing it in the control-plane element. When failover occurs, this copied state is rapidly restored, enabling deep packet inspection to resume immediately without service disruption, thus maintaining both measurement precision and minimizing time loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Loss of information

If restoration information is stored in control-plane element, then information loss is prevented, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemetadata preservationVSAvoidsystem architecture complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces the control-plane element as an intermediary that stores restoration information between user-plane elements. This intermediary approach prevents information loss during failover while distributing the complexity burden to a dedicated control component rather than increasing complexity within the user-plane elements themselves, thus resolving the contradiction between information preservation and device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP3918753B1Preservation of policy and charging for a subscriber following a user-plane element failover
Publication Date: 2026.03.11 CISCO TECHNOLOGY INC
  • EP3918753B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3918753B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3918753B1 patent drawingFigure 2C~2D

AI summary

Techniques that provide for the preservation of policy and charging for a subscriber following a user-plane element failover are described herein. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by a user-plane element, at least one data packet of a packet flow associated with a subscriber, wherein the at least one data packet is received after the user- plane element has recovered from a failure; determining, by the user-plane element, whether restoration information associated with the packet flow is stored at the user-plane element; and applying one or more policies to the packet flow based on a determination that the restoration information associated with the packet flow is stored at the user-plane element, wherein the restoration information comprises a rule associated with the packet flow.