UWB Reader Tailgating Detection via CIR Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Seamless access control systems using ultra-wide band (UWB) technology face security issues such as tailgating, where multiple individuals can enter through a portal when only one authorized user is granted access, due to the inability to accurately detect additional persons behind the credentialed user.
Innovation Solution
Implementing UWB capable reader devices that switch from two-way ranging to one-way radar operation, using RF pulses to detect changes in the channel impulse response (CIR) of reflected signals, allowing for the determination of the number of individuals attempting to pass through a physical portal, and generating an alert or denying access if more than one person is detected.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If two-way ranging is used for seamless access control, then access convenience is improved, but security against tailgating deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges two-way ranging functionality with one-way radar detection into a single access control system. The reader device performs both authentication (two-way ranging) and security monitoring (one-way radar) functions, combining the benefits of seamless access with tailgating prevention capabilities.
Solution Approach 2:
The UWB reader device is designed to perform multiple functions: it conducts two-way ranging for authentication and simultaneously performs one-way radar operation for detecting additional persons. This multi-functionality allows the same device to provide both convenient access and security monitoring.
2Reliability
If one-way radar operation is implemented to detect additional persons, then security against tailgating is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The same UWB reader device that performs two-way ranging is also capable of one-way radar operation. By making the device multi-functional, the patent avoids adding separate hardware components, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity while still achieving improved security.
Solution Approach 2:
The system switches between different operational modes (two-way ranging vs. one-way radar) by changing operational parameters rather than adding hardware. This allows the device to adapt its function based on security requirements without permanently increasing its structural complexity.
3Productivity
If UWB technology is used for seamless access control, then access speed is improved, but detection precision of additional persons deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses periodic UWB signal transmission for both authentication and radar detection. By transmitting signals at regular intervals and analyzing reflected signals, the system maintains fast access speeds while periodically monitoring for additional persons with high precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically switches between two-way ranging mode (for fast authentication) and one-way radar mode (for precise detection of additional persons). This dynamic operation allows the system to optimize between access speed and detection precision based on real-time security needs.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances security by accurately detecting and preventing tailgating, ensuring that only the authorized user gains access while maintaining seamless access control without intrusive actions.
Implementation Method 1
using RF pulses to detect changes in the channel impulse response (CIR) of reflected signals
Data Source
AI summary
A reader device of a physical access control system comprises an ultra-wide band (UWB) physical layer and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is operatively coupled to the UWB physical layer and is configured to: receive access credential information from a separate second device; receive ranging information from the second device; grant access through a physical portal according to the access credential information and ranging information; determine a number of people intending to pass through the physical portal; and generate an indication according to the determined number.