UWB Transceiver Power Management via Buffer Capacitance

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Solution Overview

Problem

The energy requirements of ultra-wideband (UWB) transceivers in mobile ID transmitters for vehicle locking systems pose challenges due to high power consumption, particularly when using button cells, leading to voltage collapse during short-term operations.

Innovation Solution

A UWB transceiver is temporarily coupled to the battery via a parallel coupling link with a microcontroller-controlled switching mechanism, accompanied by an energy management circuit that limits current and uses buffer capacitors to manage voltage, ensuring efficient power supply and reducing the load on the battery.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a UWB transceiver is operated with high amplification for receiving signals, then the spatial determination and secure communication are improved, but the current requirement increases to several 100 mA which collapses the battery voltage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatial determination reliabilityVSAvoidcurrent requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by charging buffer capacitors before the UWB transceiver is activated. The energy management circuit charges the buffer capacitors to a defined voltage level in advance, so that when the transceiver needs to operate with high amplification, the pre-charged capacitors can immediately supply the required current without causing battery voltage collapse.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces buffer capacitors as an intermediary energy storage element between the battery and the UWB transceiver. These capacitors act as a mediator that can rapidly discharge high currents to the transceiver during reception operations, while the battery charges the capacitors at a controlled, lower current rate, thus preventing direct high-current draws from the battery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of operation

If the UWB transceiver is continuously powered from the battery, then the operational readiness is improved, but the battery voltage collapses during short-term high-power operations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational readinessVSAvoidvoltage stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The energy management circuit continuously monitors battery voltage and pre-charges the buffer capacitors before the transceiver is activated. This preliminary charging action ensures that when the transceiver needs to operate, the capacitors are already charged and ready to immediately supply power, maintaining operational readiness while preventing voltage collapse.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a dynamic power supply architecture where the buffer capacitors are selectively coupled to the transceiver based on operational needs. The coupling means dynamically connect the capacitors to the transceiver when high power is needed, and disconnect them when not needed, allowing the system to adapt its power delivery characteristics to match the instantaneous requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Ease of operation

If buffer capacitors are charged at high current to ensure quick power availability, then the operational readiness is improved, but the battery voltage collapses during charging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower availability speedVSAvoidvoltage stability during charging
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The energy management circuit implements periodic charging cycles for the buffer capacitors. Instead of continuous high-current charging, the circuit charges the capacitors in controlled periodic intervals at moderate current levels, allowing the battery to recover between charging cycles and preventing voltage collapse while still ensuring capacitors are charged when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The energy management circuit incorporates feedback mechanisms that continuously monitor battery voltage and the charge state of the buffer capacitors. Based on this feedback, the circuit intelligently controls the charging current, reducing or stopping charging when battery voltage drops and resuming when voltage recovers, thus preventing voltage collapse while maintaining capacitor charge levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design prevents voltage collapse and ensures reliable operation of the UWB transceiver by controlling power supply, reducing current draw from the battery, and optimizing charging of buffer capacitors, thereby enhancing the operational readiness and availability of the ID transmitter.

Implementation Method 1

a first buffer capacitance (B1) which is charged up to a first buffer voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

switching means (3) which can interrupt the UWB coupling path (4) and switch it through

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Resistance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3482374B1Mobile radio unit for a vehicle locking system
Publication Date: 2022.02.16 HUF HÜLSBECK & FÜRST GMBH & CO KG
  • EP3482374B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3482374B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3482374B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

An ID transmitter for a wireless vehicle locking system, having a battery (1), a microcontroller (2) coupled to the battery (1) and an ultra-wideband (UWB) transceiver (5) coupled to the microcontroller for actuation by the microcontroller (2). The ultra-wideband transceiver (5) is coupled to the battery in parallel with the microcontroller via a UWB coupling link (4), an actuatable switching means (3) being introduced into the UWB coupling link (4) and the microcontroller actuating the switching means to set up and remove a DC coupling between the ultra-wideband transceiver (5) and the battery (1). An energy management circuit (6) is coupled to the UWB coupling link (4) and limits the current carried by the UWB coupling link. A buffer capacitance (B1) is coupled to the UWB coupling link and the battery and supplies to the ultra-wideband transceiver (5). The energy management circuit (6) detects a first buffer voltage of the first buffer capacitance and transmits status information regarding the first buffer voltage to the microcontroller.