UWB Vehicle Authentication for GPS-Denied Platooning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current platooning technologies using GPS are vulnerable to security threats and unreliable in environments with weak GPS signals, such as tunnels and overpasses, and lack effective methods to prevent spoofing attacks.
Innovation Solution
Implementing Ultra WideBand (UWB) sensors on platoon leader and follower vehicles for mutual authentication, using trilateration to determine vehicle locations and perform secure platooning, merging, and separation operations, while defending against spoofing attacks by verifying identities through UWB-based security authentication.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If GPS-based platooning is used, then link formation can be established between vehicles, but the system becomes vulnerable to spoofing attacks and unreliable in environments with weak GPS signals
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces UWB sensors as an intermediary technology between vehicles for authentication and positioning. The UWB-based mutual authentication protocol acts as a mediator that verifies vehicle identities before establishing platooning links, preventing spoofing attacks. The time-of-flight measurement mechanism serves as an intermediary verification layer that confirms physical proximity, ensuring that only genuinely nearby vehicles can join the platoon.
2Adaptability or versatility
If GPS-based platooning is used, then vehicles can form platoons, but the system fails in environments with weak GPS signals such as tunnels and overpasses
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the GPS satellite-based electromagnetic signal system with a UWB-based time-of-flight measurement system. This substitution enables positioning and authentication to work independently of satellite signals, allowing platooning to function reliably in GPS-denied environments such as tunnels, overpasses, and urban canyons where satellite signals are blocked or degraded.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If UWB sensors are deployed for mutual authentication, then security against spoofing is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent leverages the inherent physical parameters of UWB signals, specifically the time-of-flight measurement capability, to create a security mechanism. By utilizing the precise timing characteristics and physical propagation properties of UWB waves, the system achieves spoofing resistance through parameter-based verification rather than complex cryptographic protocols. The authentication relies on measurable physical parameters like signal travel time and received signal strength, which are inherently difficult to forge.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Ensures secure and reliable platooning operations by establishing and maintaining vehicle links, preventing spoofing attacks, and enabling safe merging and separation of vehicles even in challenging environments, enhancing both security and efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
determining a location of a surrounding vehicle using the three coordinates and an estimated distance between the UWB sensor and the surrounding vehicle
Data Source
AI summary
A method and apparatus of platooning using Ultra Wideband (UWB)-based security authentication is provided. The platooning method performed by a platoon leader vehicle includes: selecting three coordinates present in a path along which the platoon leader vehicle moves, using an Ultra WideBand (UWB) sensor mounted on the platoon leader vehicle; determining a location of a surrounding vehicle using the three coordinates and an estimated distance between the UWB sensor and the surrounding vehicle; performing mutual authentication with the surrounding vehicle, based on the location of the surrounding vehicle; and performing platooning by including the surrounding vehicle in one or more platoon follower vehicles, when the mutual authentication is successful, wherein each of the platoon leader vehicle and the one or more platoon follower vehicles is provided with one or more UWB sensors.