Centralized V2X Congestion Control via Base Station Mediation
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Solution Overview
Problem
In vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, especially in densely populated urban areas, existing decentralized congestion control mechanisms lead to increased service packet transmission times and interference among vehicle user equipment (VUEs), resulting in a decreased packet delivery ratio and limited security assistance effect.
Innovation Solution
A congestion control method that classifies scenarios into in-coverage (IC) and out-of-coverage (OOC), employing centralized congestion control by the base station and decentralized control by user equipment (UE), adjusting packet transmission periods, discarding packets, and adapting resource allocation to alleviate congestion, thereby improving resource utilization and security assistance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If decentralized congestion control mechanism is used in V2X communication, then VUE can autonomously allocate resources, but transmission delays increase and packet delivery ratio decreases in dense urban areas
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a base station as an intermediary to perform centralized congestion control in dense urban areas. The base station receives congestion status information from VUEs, determines appropriate congestion control policies, and sends control information back to VUEs. This intermediary approach resolves the contradiction by providing coordinated resource allocation that reduces transmission delays while maintaining operational effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamic congestion control by allowing the system to switch between decentralized and centralized control modes based on the communication scenario. In dense urban areas, centralized control is activated to reduce delays, while in other scenarios, decentralized control operates autonomously. This dynamic adaptation resolves the contradiction by optimizing control strategy according to environmental conditions.
2Area of stationary object
If VUEs are densely distributed in urban areas, then communication coverage is improved, but interference between VUEs increases and resource pool capacity becomes limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback mechanisms where VUEs report congestion status information to the base station, which then determines and sends back congestion control policies. This closed-loop feedback system allows the network to detect interference conditions and adjust resource allocation accordingly, resolving the contradiction by reducing interference while maintaining dense VUE distribution for improved coverage.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes key parameters such as packet transmission periods and resource allocation strategies based on congestion status. The base station adjusts these parameters dynamically to optimize resource utilization in dense scenarios, reducing interference between VUEs while maintaining the benefits of dense distribution for coverage.
3Speed
If packet transmission period is reduced to improve real-time communication, then transmission speed increases, but resource consumption increases and congestion worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent dynamically adjusts the packet transmission period as a controllable parameter based on congestion status. When congestion is detected, the base station increases the transmission period to reduce resource consumption and alleviate congestion. When conditions permit, shorter periods are used to maintain high transmission speed. This parameter adjustment resolves the contradiction by optimizing the balance between speed and resource usage.
Data Source
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AI summary
Embodiments of the present invention provide a congestion control method, a base station, and user equipment. After determining that congestion control needs to be performed, a base station determines a congestion control policy, determines, from UE in coverage of the base station, first UE that needs to perform adjustment according to the congestion control policy, and then sends the congestion control policy to the first UE, so that the first UE performs adjustment, to alleviate a congestion status of a PC5 interface. In this process, the base station performs centralized control on all UE in the coverage of the base station. This resolves a problem of a poor security assistance effect caused by a decentralized congestion control policy in 802.11P. In other words, the base station performs centralized congestion control, improving a security assistance effect of a vehicle.