Vacuum Coating Chamber Venting for Parallel Processing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current vacuum coating systems, especially multi-chamber designs, face challenges in maintaining vacuum pressure during process steps, leading to complex and costly lock systems and limitations in miniaturization and parallel processing, which affects efficiency and contamination risks.

Innovation Solution

The method involves venting and opening process chambers between steps, allowing simultaneous evacuation and ventilation of all chambers, eliminating the need for complex lock systems and enabling parallel processing of multiple components, with a shared vacuum pump system and rotary indexing table for efficient component transfer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If multiple process chambers are used for parallel processing, then productivity is improved, but device complexity increases due to required airlock systems

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveoutputVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system divides the coating process into separate process chambers (first process chamber for plasma activation, second process chamber for coating application, third process chamber for plasma polymerization), allowing independent operation of each chamber. This segmentation enables parallel processing of multiple components while maintaining simple chamber designs without complex airlock systems between chambers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Manufacturing precision

If vacuum is maintained during component transfer between chambers, then manufacturing precision is improved, but device complexity increases due to vacuum feedthrough requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess integrityVSAvoidtransfer system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically opens and closes the process chambers at different times during the coating process. Chambers are opened for component loading/unloading and closed during vacuum processing. This dynamic operation allows component transfer between chambers without maintaining vacuum throughout the entire transfer process, eliminating the need for complex vacuum feedthrough mechanisms while preserving process integrity through controlled chamber sealing during actual coating operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Device complexity

If sequential processing is used in a single chamber, then device complexity is reduced, but productivity deteriorates due to inability to process multiple components simultaneously

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem simplicityVSAvoidoutput
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The coating system is segmented into multiple independent process chambers that can operate simultaneously. The first chamber handles plasma activation, the second chamber applies coating, and the third chamber performs plasma polymerization. This segmentation enables parallel processing of multiple components across different chambers, dramatically improving productivity while keeping each individual chamber relatively simple in design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Reliability

If complex airlock systems are implemented between chambers, then vacuum maintenance is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates due to increased maintenance requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevacuum maintenanceVSAvoidmaintenance effort
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

Each process chamber is designed as an independent, self-contained unit with its own vacuum system and chamber walls. This segmentation eliminates the need for complex airlock systems between chambers, as each chamber can maintain vacuum independently. The simplified chamber design reduces maintenance requirements while ensuring reliable vacuum maintenance during coating operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces system complexity and maintenance costs, allows for high output by processing multiple components in parallel, and maintains vacuum integrity without time penalties, supporting miniaturization and reducing contamination risks.

Implementation Method 1

a vacuum is understood to be a pressure below atmospheric pressure that is sufficient to carry out the corresponding process step. Consequently, evacuation, as used here, refers to any degree of pressure reduction below the pressure prevailing outside the process chamber.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVacuum: Vacuum

Implementation Method 2

a) plasma activation of the surface of the component to be coated in an evacuated plasma activation chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma: Plasma

Implementation Method 3

This includes, for example, the vapor deposition or sputtering of the metallic reflective layer, particularly using the PVD process under vacuum.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVapor deposition: Physical Vapour Deposition

Implementation Method 4

the vapor deposition or sputtering of the metallic reflective layer, particularly using the PVD process under vacuum

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSputtering: Sputtering

Implementation Method 5

c) plasma polymerization to produce a protective layer on the applied coating in an evacuated plasma polymerization chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma polymerization: Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition

Implementation Method 6

The necessity of the plasma polymerization step also depends on the material being coated.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical vapor deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Data Source

PatentEP3408425B1Process for surface-coating a component under vacuum
Publication Date: 2021.03.10 HELLA GMBH & CO KGAA
  • EP3408425B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1E
  • EP3408425B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

Process for surface-coating a component (1) under vacuum by means of a vacuum coating plant (100), wherein the process comprises at least two of the following process steps: a) plasma activation of the surface of the component (1) to be coated in an evacuated plasma activation chamber (10) and/or b) application of the coating in an evacuated coating chamber (11) and/or c) plasma polymerization to generate a protective layer on the applied coating in an evacuated plasma polymerization chamber (12). According to the invention the plasma activation chamber (10) and/or the coating chamber (11) and/or the plasma polymerization chamber (12) are vented and opened between at least two of said process steps and the component (1) is sent to the subsequent process step.