Vacuum Gap Generator Rotor Cooling via Microchannels

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Solution Overview

Problem

Electrical generators and motors experience efficiency losses due to windage losses caused by air gaps between the rotor and stator, which also lead to arcing and corona discharge at high altitudes, and conventional cooling methods like oil sprays can exacerbate these issues.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a vacuum gap between the rotor and stator, combined with microchannels within the rotor for coolant delivery, to reduce windage losses and enhance cooling efficiency, while allowing for the use of additive manufacturing to create complex coolant pathways.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If air is used to cool the rotor, then cooling is provided, but windage losses increase reducing efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverotor coolingVSAvoidwindage losses
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes air from the gap between rotor and stator, creating a vacuum environment. This extraction of the cooling medium eliminates windage losses while maintaining rotor cooling through alternative means (internal cooling channels), directly resolving the contradiction between cooling effectiveness and energy efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs internal coolant channels within the rotor structure, using liquid coolant flow to provide cooling. This hydraulic cooling system replaces air cooling, enabling effective heat removal without the presence of gas in the gap, thus eliminating windage losses

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

2Temperature

If air gap is used between rotor and stator, then cooling is achieved, but arcing and corona discharge occur at high altitudes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverotor coolingVSAvoidarcing and corona discharge
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

By removing air from the rotor-stator gap to create a vacuum, the patent eliminates the gaseous medium that enables arcing and corona discharge. This extraction prevents these harmful electrical phenomena while maintaining necessary cooling through internal channels

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a vacuum environment (inert atmosphere without gas molecules) in the rotor-stator gap. This inert environment prevents electrical breakdown, arcing, and corona discharge that would otherwise occur in atmospheric conditions, especially at high altitudes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

3Temperature

If oil spray is used for cooling, then cooling efficiency improves, but device complexity and potential for arcing increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling efficiencyVSAvoidcooling system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes oil spray systems entirely by creating a vacuum gap. Cooling is achieved through integrated internal channels within the rotor, eliminating the complexity of external spray systems, pumps, and associated infrastructure while maintaining effective cooling

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The vacuum gap significantly reduces windage losses, eliminates arcing and corona discharge, and improves overall efficiency by enabling effective cooling without the drawbacks of air or oil-based systems, resulting in a more compact and lightweight design.

Implementation Method 1

the gap between the rotor and the stator is evacuated to form a vacuum gap

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVacuum: Vacuum

Implementation Method 2

coolant flow through microchannels in the rotor to reduce windage losses and cooling the rotor windings

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP2978104B1Vacuum gap generators and motors
Publication Date: 2020.02.26 LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP
  • EP2978104B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2978104B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2978104B1 patent drawingFigure 5A~5B

AI summary

In one embodiment, a generator or an alternating current (AC) motor includes a stator and a rotor. The rotor is configured to rotate at least partially within the stator or around the stator and is separated from the stator by a gap having a partial vacuum. The rotor includes a shaft configured to permit a flow of coolant and a plurality of microchannels formed within the rotor. The microchannels are fluidly coupled to the shaft and are configured to permit the coolant to pass from the shaft through at least a portion of the rotor in order to provide cooling for the rotor.