Vadose Zone Probe with Inflatable Sleeve for Deep Soil Monitoring

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for monitoring chemical and hydraulic properties in deep soil levels, such as the vadose zone, are limited in their ability to collect real-time continuous information and measure hydraulic and chemical parameters effectively, especially for contaminant migration and groundwater quality control.

Innovation Solution

The use of vadose zone probes mounted on an inflatable flexible sleeve within a borehole, which establishes hydraulic continuity with the soil through a porous medium, allowing for continuous pressure application and sampling of liquid for chemical analysis, along with additional sensors for real-time monitoring.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Length of stationary object

If porous ceramic tensiometers are pushed into the ground, then hydraulic continuity with soil pore-water is achieved, but the device cannot reach deep soil levels due to brittleness and installation constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedepth of installationVSAvoidmechanical strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Length of stationary objectVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The device divides the monitoring function into separate components: a fragile porous cup for hydraulic continuity and a robust housing for structural support. The porous cup is isolated from mechanical stresses by being housed within a protective structure, allowing deep installation without compromising the fragile sensing element.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A flexible membrane acts as an intermediary between the soil environment and the internal measurement chamber. The membrane transmits hydraulic pressure from the soil to the internal porous cup while protecting it from mechanical damage, enabling deep installation where direct exposure would be problematic.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of information

If continuous monitoring of multiple parameters is implemented, then comprehensive soil and groundwater quality information is obtained, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinformation completenessVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The device integrates multiple monitoring functions (pore-water pressure, temperature, electrical conductivity, and chemical analysis) into a single multi-functional probe. This allows comprehensive data collection from one installation point, reducing the need for multiple separate devices and simplifying the overall monitoring system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent combines hydraulic continuity establishment, physical parameter sensing, and chemical analysis capabilities into an integrated system. The porous cup, membrane, sensors, and laboratory analysis components work together as a unified device, reducing information loss without proportionally increasing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Measurement precision

If real-time chemical analysis is performed on pore-water samples, then contaminant detection capability is improved, but sampling and analysis system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechemical property detectionVSAvoidsampling system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The device performs preliminary filtration and concentration of pore-water samples through the porous cup and membrane structure before analysis. This pre-processing occurs automatically as part of the sampling mechanism, reducing the complexity of subsequent chemical analysis by providing prepared samples with higher analyte concentrations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The porous cup and membrane structure serve as intermediaries that automatically filter and concentrate pore-water samples before they reach the analysis system. This intermediary processing step simplifies the overall sampling system by eliminating the need for complex external filtration and concentration equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables real-time, continuous monitoring and sampling of hydraulic and chemical properties in deep soil layers, enhancing the detection of contaminant migration and groundwater quality, thereby improving groundwater contamination control and management.

Implementation Method 1

a porous medium (e.g., porous ceramic, porous metal or porous polymer) installed in, or formed on, one of its walls for allowing passage of liquid between the interior of said fluid cell and the soil contacting said porous medium

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Implementation Method 2

a continuous pressure is applied over said one or more vadose zone probes, thereby pressing them against the wall of the borehole and obtaining hydraulic continuity between water contained in the soil and water contained in the interior of said fluid cell through said porous medium

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure gradient: Pressure Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP1982047B1Vadose zone probe, method and system for monitoring soil properties
Publication Date: 2019.01.09 BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV
  • EP1982047B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP1982047B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5
  • EP1982047B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

The present application is directed to a method and apparatus for monitoring soil hydraulic properties, and for collecting soil pore-water samples, in relatively undisturbed soil conditions, by means of a vadose zone probe (10) adapted to be mounted on an inflatable sleeve (18) for installation in a borehole (14) formed in the vadose zone, said vadose zone probe -comprises a fluid cell (15) having one or more conduits (13a, 13b, 13c) connected thereto for externally accessing its interior, and a porous medium (11) installed in, or formed on, one of its walls for allowing passage of liquid between the interior of said fluid cell and the borehole soil, wherein said vadose zone probe is made from an elongated body having a front (10f ) and rear (10r) sides, and wherein said rear side is substantially flat and said front side is made from a deformable and permeable material, or having a -curvature corresponding to the curvature of said borehole.