Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Binder Composition Without Formaldehyde Release

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing binder compositions for textile fabrics, particularly nonwovens, often contain N-methylolacrylamide units that release formaldehyde during crosslinking, posing toxicological concerns and requiring a reduction in formaldehyde content to produce formaldehyde-free textiles.

Innovation Solution

An aqueous binder composition based on vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers, produced through radically initiated polymerization in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol and a copolymer containing acrylamide, acrylic acid, and maleic anhydride units, which eliminates the need for crosslinking catalysts and avoids formaldehyde release.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If N-methylolacrylamide units are used as binder components to achieve covalent bonds between binder polymer and fiber, then fiber binding strength is improved, but formaldehyde is released during crosslinking which creates toxicological concerns

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefiber binding strengthVSAvoidformaldehyde release
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes the harmful N-methylolacrylamide crosslinking units from the binder composition, replacing them with alternative crosslinking mechanisms that do not release formaldehyde. The patent explicitly eliminates NMA units while maintaining fiber binding capability through other means.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the binder by replacing N-methylolacrylamide units with alternative monomers such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, and maleic anhydride units. This parameter change allows achieving fiber binding without formaldehyde release.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If crosslinking monomers are used to increase resistance of textile fabrics to mechanical stress, then fabric strength is improved, but formaldehyde content increases due to production using formaldehyde-releasing initiators

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefabric resistance to mechanical stressVSAvoidformaldehyde content
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention removes formaldehyde-releasing initiators such as sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate from the polymerization process, replacing them with alternative initiators that do not introduce formaldehyde into the binder composition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention uses alternative crosslinking mechanisms that do not rely on persistent formaldehyde groups, instead employing short-lived crosslinking reactions that occur during processing and then complete without leaving harmful residues.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Strength

If N-methylolacrylamide and acrylamide comonomer units are combined in vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers to improve wet strength, then wet strength is enhanced, but the complexity of polymer composition increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewet strengthVSAvoidpolymer composition complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention introduces specific functional monomer units (acrylic acid, acrylamide, maleic anhydride) at controlled proportions within the copolymer structure to provide localized wet strength enhancement without requiring complex multi-component formulations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite copolymer structure combining vinyl acetate, ethylene, and functional comonomers (acrylic acid, acrylamide, maleic anhydride) in specific ratios to achieve enhanced wet strength while maintaining manageable composition complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The binder composition achieves high wet strength for textile fibers without formaldehyde release, enhancing the production of formaldehyde-free nonwovens with improved mechanical resistance.

Implementation Method 1

a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer A), obtainable by means of radically initiated polymerization of vinyl acetate, ethylene and optionally other ethylenically unsaturated comonomers copolymerizable therewith

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadically initiated polymerization: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 2

N-methylolacrylamide groups can interact with the OH groups of cellulose or starch and consequently lead to covalent bonds between the binder polymer and the fiber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrogen bonding: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

b2) 20 to 50% by weight of monomer units, which are derived from ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic interaction: Electrostatic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3781741B1Formaldehyde-free binder composition
Publication Date: 2023.05.03 WACKER CHEMIE AG

AI summary

The invention relates to an aqueous binder composition for binding fibers, comprising a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer A), which can be obtained by means of the radically initiated polymerization of a1) 60 to 94 wt.% vinyl acetate, a2) 5 to 30 wt.% ethylene and a3) 0 to 20 wt.% of additional, ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable comonomers, in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol in an aqueous medium, characterized in that the polymerization is carried out in the presence of an interpolymer B) having b1) 20 to 50 wt.% of monomer units derived from ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic amides, b2) 20 to 50 wt.% of monomer units derived from ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, b3) 20 to 50 wt.% of monomer units derived from ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, the specifications in wt.% for the monomers a1), a2) and a3) adding up to 100 wt.% and the specifications in wt.% for the monomer units b1), b2) and b3) adding up to 100 wt.%.