Validated PNT Measurements for GNSS Spoofing-Resistant Navigation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Navigation solutions are susceptible to errors from insufficient measurements, sensor imperfections, and nefarious actors jamming and/or spoofing traditional GNSSs, necessitating improved techniques to authenticate and trust navigation solutions.
Innovation Solution
A method for authenticating PNT measurements and solutions using a combination of validated and unvalidated measurements, leveraging clock models, inertial and barometric measurements, and motion constraints to determine the trustworthiness of navigation solutions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If measurements from traditional GNSS satellites are used to solve navigation solutions, then position and velocity can be estimated, but the solutions are susceptible to errors from insufficient measurements, sensor imperfections, and jamming/spoofing attacks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary authentication system that validates navigation measurements before they are used in the navigation solution. This intermediary layer checks measurements from traditional GNSS satellites against additional criteria and trusted sources, filtering out spoofed or erroneous measurements without requiring the navigation device to directly detect or respond to jamming/spoofing attacks.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary validation of navigation measurements before they are incorporated into the final navigation solution. By pre-authenticating measurements from multiple sources including traditional GNSS, hybrid satellites, and terrestrial emitters, the system ensures that only verified measurements are used, preventing compromised measurements from affecting the navigation solution.
2Adaptability or versatility
If measurements from five or more satellites are used to solve for five unknowns in a hybrid navigation system, then navigation solutions can be obtained without common clock synchronization, but the complexity of the system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal authentication framework that works across multiple navigation systems (traditional GNSS, hybrid satellites, terrestrial emitters) without requiring system-specific complex synchronization protocols. The authentication mechanism provides a common validation layer that simplifies the integration of diverse navigation sources while maintaining the ability to solve for five unknowns in hybrid systems.
3Reliability
If validated navigation measurements are used to authenticate navigation solutions, then the reliability of the solution improves, but the quantity of available measurements may be reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the navigation measurement sources into multiple categories (traditional GNSS satellites, hybrid satellites, terrestrial emitters) and applies authentication to each segment independently. This allows the system to validate measurements from different sources using appropriate methods for each type, maximizing the number of authenticated measurements available while maintaining reliability standards.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances the reliability of navigation solutions by validating measurements, making them difficult to spoof, even when not having fully determined validated measurements, thereby improving navigation accuracy and integrity.
Implementation Method 1
The navigation measurements can include Doppler measurements, pseudorange measurements, range measurements, and/or time of arrival (TOA) measurements
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are systems, apparatuses, processes, and computer-readable media for providing authentication of position, navigation, and timing (PNT) measurements and solutions via validated measurements and solutions. For example, an example of a method for a navigation device can include detecting, by the navigation device, errors in navigation measurements, navigation solutions, and/or navigation data, based on trusted navigation measurements. In one or more examples, the navigation measurements can include Doppler measurements, pseudorange measurements, range measurements, and/or time of arrival (TOA) measurements. In some examples, the navigation measurements can include unvalidated navigation measurements and/or validated navigation measurements. In one or more examples, the unvalidated navigation measurements and/or the validated navigation measurements may be based on signals received from one or more satellites, one or more aircraft, one or more unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), one or more pseudo-satellites, one or more aerial balloons, and/or one or more terrestrial cellular towers.