Xenogenic Bioprosthetic Valve Decellularization via Pulsatile Flow and Microwave
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Solution Overview
Problem
Xenogenic bioprosthetic valves used in heart transplants face issues with biocompatibility due to residual original cells, leading to calcium deposition and reduced durability, necessitating frequent replacements and anticoagulant use.
Innovation Solution
A method involving pulsatile flow of a cell-removing solution and microwave irradiation to efficiently eliminate original cells from xenogenic bioprosthetic valves, enhancing biocompatibility by creating a substrate for autologous cell seeding.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional cell-removing solution immersion is used, then the process is simple, but original cells remain in the tissue reducing biocompatibility
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies pulsatile flow to the cell-removing solution, dynamically changing the flow rate from static to pulsating mode. This dynamic flow pattern enhances the removal efficiency of original cells from the xenogenic bioprosthetic valve tissue, significantly reducing residual cells and improving biocompatibility while maintaining process feasibility
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs periodic pulsatile flow cycles to enhance cell removal. By alternating between flow and non-flow states in a periodic manner, the system achieves more effective penetration and removal of original cells compared to continuous or static flow methods, thereby improving biocompatibility without excessive complexity
2Productivity
If static immersion in cell-removing solution is used, then the process is simple, but cell removal efficiency is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from static immersion to dynamic pulsatile flow immersion. The pulsatile flow system alternates between high-flow and low-flow states, creating enhanced penetration forces that significantly improve original cell removal efficiency from the xenogenic valve tissue while maintaining reasonable system complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces simple static mechanical immersion with a controlled pulsatile flow system that uses pressure variations to enhance cell removal. This substitution of mechanical flow control for static immersion achieves superior productivity in cell removal without requiring overly complex equipment
3Reliability
If xenogenic bioprosthetic valve is used, then sufficient valves can be provided and no lifetime anticoagulant is needed, but calcium deposition occurs reducing durability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary cell removal treatment to the xenogenic bioprosthetic valve before implantation. By thoroughly removing original cells through pulsatile flow immersion, the valve surface is prepared to prevent calcium deposition and improve biocompatibility, thereby extending durability and reducing the need for lifetime anticoagulation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and removes original cells from the xenogenic bioprosthetic valve tissue through pulsatile flow immersion. This extraction of harmful residual cells prevents subsequent calcium deposition and biological responses that would reduce valve durability, enabling longer service life without anticoagulant therapy
4Reliability
If mechanical valve is used, then durability is achieved, but lifetime anticoagulant is required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a bioprosthetic valve using xenogenic tissue that is processed to be biocompatible and durable, serving as a long-lasting alternative to mechanical valves. The pulsatile flow cell removal process enables this xenogenic valve to achieve durability comparable to mechanical valves while eliminating the need for lifetime anticoagulation, effectively replacing the mechanical valve option
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Significantly reduces the number of residual original cells, improving biocompatibility and extending the lifespan of xenogenic bioprosthetic valves by ensuring a collagen-based substrate for autologous cell adherence.
Implementation Method 1
the cell-removing solution is allowed to flow in a state of a pulsatile flow by applying a predetermined pulse to the cell-removing solution and the living organism tissue is placed in the pulsatile flow
Implementation Method 2
the living organism tissue placed in the cell-removing solution is irradiated with microwave
Implementation Method 3
irradiating the xenogenic bioprosthetic valve immersed in the cell-removing solution with microwave
Data Source
AI summary
In the transplant of a living organism tissue, such as a heart valve, taken from an animal, etc. into a human body, a cell removing solution for removing original cells from the living organism tissue is provided with flow approximately equal to the bloodstream of transplant recipient living body, and the living organism tissue is placed in the flow so as to effect immersion of the living organism tissue in the cell removing solution. In the immersion, it is preferred that the living organism tissue placed in the cell removing solution, while being rotated, be irradiated with microwave. As a result, original cells can be removed from the living organism tissue uniformly and reliably, so that the biocompatibility of living organism tissue after transplant can be enhanced.