Valve Diffuser Disk Structure for Multi-Stage Pressure Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional fluid pressure reducing devices require large manufacturing due to low fluid resistance in flow paths, leading to issues like cavitation, noise, vibration, and plug erosion, especially when there is a significant pressure differential between the inlet and outlet.
Innovation Solution
A fluid pressure reducing device comprising annular disks with diffuser cells that induce diffusion, rapid expansion, recirculation, collision, and direction change, enhancing fluid resistance and reducing pressure and speed through concentric coupling of disks with diffuser cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a conventional fluid pressure reducing device with simple flow path is used, then the device structure is simple, but the fluid resistance is low causing high fluid speed and pressure drop leading to cavitation, noise, and vibration
Solution Approach 1:
The flow path is segmented into multiple sections with different cross-sectional areas, creating a complex multi-stage pressure reduction system. The flow path includes a first section with larger cross-sectional area for initial pressure reduction, and a second section with smaller cross-sectional area for further pressure reduction, preventing cavitation and excessive fluid speed
Solution Approach 2:
Different sections of the flow path are designed with different local characteristics - the first section has larger cross-sectional area to handle high flow rate initially, while the second section has smaller area to increase fluid resistance and reduce pressure further. This local variation in flow path geometry optimizes pressure reduction at each stage
2Stress or pressure
If the flow path cross-sectional area is reduced to increase fluid resistance, then pressure reduction effect is improved, but the device size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The flow path transitions from a two-dimensional planar view to a three-dimensional structure by varying cross-sectional area along the flow direction. The flow path includes sections with different cross-sectional areas arranged in series, creating a multi-stage pressure reduction system that achieves high pressure reduction in a compact configuration
3Stress or pressure
If a large pressure difference is applied between inlet and outlet, then the pressure reduction capability is improved, but fluid speed becomes excessively high causing water hammering and cavitation
Solution Approach 1:
The pressure reduction process is segmented into multiple stages. The first pressure reducing section reduces pressure from inlet to intermediate level, and the second pressure reducing section further reduces pressure to outlet level. This staged approach prevents excessive fluid speed and kinetic energy generation that would occur with single-stage pressure reduction
Solution Approach 2:
The fluid is made to rush through the flow path quickly to prevent cavitation and water hammering. The flow path is designed with appropriate cross-sectional areas that allow fluid to pass through rapidly without generating excessive kinetic energy or pressure drops that would cause harmful effects
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device effectively increases fluid resistance and reduces pressure and speed, preventing plug erosion and precisely controlling fluid flow, while being compact in size and reducing manufacturing costs.
Implementation Method 1
a plurality of diffuser cells are formed from an outer circumferential surface (400) to an inner circumferential surface (500) of the disk A (100) so as to form a diffuser a (110) radially in a row
Implementation Method 2
repeatedly performing diffusion flow, rapid expansion flow, recirculation flow, collision flow, rapid reduction flow, and rapid direction change
Implementation Method 3
repeatedly performing diffusion flow, rapid expansion flow, recirculation flow, collision flow, rapid reduction flow, and rapid direction change
Implementation Method 4
repeatedly performing diffusion flow, rapid expansion flow, recirculation flow, collision flow, rapid reduction flow, and rapid direction change
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a device provided inside a valve (10) to control a flow of a fluid. More specifically, the present invention relates to a device that is installed inside a valve (10) to reduce a fluid speed at a side of a second port (510) through reduction in pressure and speed by suppressing a flow of a high-pressure fluid from a side of a first port (410) under a condition in which a difference in pressure between a fluid pressure at an inlet of the valve (10) and the fluid pressure at an outlet of the valve (10).The present invention is a device for preventing damage to a plug (13) due to a fluid colliding toward the plug (13) inside a valve (10) by suppressing a flow of the fluid.