Valve Needle Actuation Using Permanent Magnet for Injection Speed
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Solution Overview
Problem
Injection valves in internal combustion engines face challenges in operating efficiently under varying conditions, particularly in achieving precise and fast fluid dosing at high pressures, and in reducing fuel consumption at idle conditions to minimize emissions.
Innovation Solution
A valve assembly incorporating a valve body with a cavity, an axially movable valve needle, an upper retainer, and an electro-magnetic actuator unit, where a permanent magnet is positioned adjacent to the armature to enhance the actuation of the valve needle, allowing for faster opening and closing, and a ring-like non-magnetic element with elastic material for easier assembly and reduced contamination.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If a permanent magnet is positioned adjacent to the armature to enhance actuation, then the valve needle opening and closing speed is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The permanent magnet is integrated into the existing electromagnetic actuator unit by positioning it adjacent to the armature within the valve assembly. This merging of magnetic components with the electromagnetic actuation mechanism enhances the valve needle's opening and closing speed without requiring a completely separate actuation system, thus improving speed while limiting the increase in overall device complexity.
2Power
If high fuel pressure is used to enhance combustion process, then the combustion efficiency is improved, but the emissions increase
Solution Approach 1:
The valve needle's rapid opening and closing motion, enabled by the permanent magnet enhancement, creates a dynamic fuel injection process that optimizes combustion. The improved actuation speed allows for more precise control of fuel delivery timing and duration, enabling efficient combustion at high pressures while reducing unwanted emissions through better combustion control.
Solution Approach 2:
The permanent magnet alters the magnetic field parameters in the actuator, strengthening the magnetic force acting on the armature. This parameter change in the actuation system translates to faster valve needle response, which indirectly optimizes the combustion parameters (pressure, temperature, timing) to achieve better combustion efficiency with reduced emissions.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If the minimum amount of fuel is decreased for idle running conditions, then the emissions are reduced, but the combustion stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The permanent magnet provides enhanced magnetic actuation that replaces or supplements traditional electromagnetic coil actuation. This substitution creates more precise and responsive valve needle control, enabling stable combustion even with reduced fuel quantities at idle conditions. The improved magnetic field control allows for accurate timing and dosage of minimal fuel, maintaining combustion stability while reducing emissions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables precise and fast operation of the valve needle, supporting efficient fluid dosing across different engine conditions, reducing emissions by optimizing fuel delivery and improving operational speed and accuracy.
Implementation Method 1
a permanent magnet is arranged in the cavity at a position adjacent to the position of the armature, when the valve needle is in its closing position
Data Source
AI summary
A valve assembly for an injection valve includes a valve body including a cavity with a fluid inlet portion and a fluid outlet portion, a valve needle axially movable in the cavity, the valve needle preventing a fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion in a closing position and releasing the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion in a further position, an upper retainer arranged in the cavity and fixed to the valve needle, and an electro-magnetic actuator unit configured to actuate the valve needle, the electro-magnetic actuator unit comprising an armature, arranged in the cavity and axially movable relative to the valve needle, the armature configured to be coupled to the upper retainer when the valve needle is actuated to leave the closing position, and a permanent magnet arranged in the cavity adjacent the position of the armature when the valve needle is in its closing position.