Vapour Chamber Cooling Layout for Power Module Heat Spreading

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing cooling technologies for power semiconductor modules are not efficient enough to utilize the full operating range of the components, leading to limitations in current and voltage handling due to inadequate heat removal.

Innovation Solution

The use of multiple vapour chambers to effectively transfer and spread heat generated in power electronic modules, allowing for even temperature distribution and improved heat transfer to a cooling medium.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If conventional cooling elements are attached to the baseplate, then heat can be removed from the power electronic module, but the heat transfer efficiency is insufficient to enable full operating range utilization

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer efficiencyVSAvoidoperating range
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs vapour chambers that utilize phase transition of working fluid (liquid to vapour and back) to transfer heat from the baseplate to cooling elements. The vapour chamber contains a working fluid that evaporates at the heated surface and condenses at the cooler surface, providing highly efficient heat transfer that enables full utilization of power electronic component operating ranges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

Solution Approach 2:

The vapour chamber acts as an intermediary thermal management component between the baseplate and external cooling elements. It receives heat from the baseplate and efficiently transfers it to cooling elements, serving as a thermal mediator that overcomes the insufficient heat transfer efficiency of direct attachment methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Volume of moving object

If the device size is reduced while maintaining power ratings, then compactness is improved, but heat removal capability becomes insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice sizeVSAvoidheat removal capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The vapour chamber utilizes phase change of working fluid to achieve high heat transfer efficiency in a compact volume. The latent heat of vaporization and condensation enables large amounts of heat to be transferred through a small temperature difference, allowing compact device design while maintaining adequate heat removal capability for full power ratings.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

3Reliability

If cooling efficiency is improved, then the operating range of power electronic modules can be increased, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating rangeVSAvoidcooling system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The vapour chamber serves multiple functions: it acts as a heat spreader from the baseplate, provides efficient thermal coupling to cooling elements, and enables compact design. This multi-functionality allows improved operating range without proportionally increasing device complexity, as a single component achieves multiple thermal management objectives.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the operating range of power electronic components, reduces the physical size of the device while maintaining power ratings, and improves heat transfer efficiency, enabling more effective cooling of power semiconductor modules.

Implementation Method 1

multiple of vapour chambers arranged to transfer the heat generated by the multiple of power electronic components

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVapour chamber heat transfer: Phase Change

Implementation Method 2

The vapour chambers are arranged such that the heat is transferred from one vapour chamber to another vapour chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 3

The cooling element is attached to a surface of the power electronic module and is arranged to transfer heat from the power electronic assembly to a cooling medium

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Data Source

PatentEP3937228B1Cooling arrangement
Publication Date: 2025.02.19 ABB (SCHWEIZ) AG
  • EP3937228B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3937228B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3937228B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A power electronic assembly comprising a power electronic module having multiple of power electronic components and a cooling element. The cooling element is attached to a surface of the power electronic module and is arranged to transfer heat from the power electronic assembly to a cooling medium, wherein the assembly comprises multiple of vapour chambers arranged to transfer the heat generated by the multiple of power electronic components.