Vapour Generator Adsorbent Passage for Ion Mobility Spectrometers

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing vapour generators face issues with vapour leakage and low adsorption efficiency due to bypassing of adsorbent material, which complicates rapid switching and selective doping in ion mobility spectrometers and other detection systems.

Innovation Solution

A vapour generator design featuring a vapour-adsorbent passage that ensures all gas and vapour flow through an adsorbent material, with a vapour-permeable passage and airflow generator to control vapour flow, preventing leakage when off and ensuring efficient delivery when on, using adsorbent materials like charcoal and vapour-permeable tubing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If a T-junction with adsorbent material is used to reduce vapour leakage, then some vapour is adsorbed when the generator is off, but vapour can easily bypass the adsorbent material leading to low adsorption efficiency and high escaped vapour

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevapour leakageVSAvoidadsorption efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A vapour-permeable membrane is introduced as an intermediary component between the vapour generation chamber and the adsorbent material. This membrane allows vapour to pass through to the adsorbent material while preventing direct bypass paths, ensuring that all vapour must interact with the adsorbent material. The membrane acts as a controlled interface that enhances adsorption efficiency while maintaining the ability to prevent vapour leakage when the generator is off.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention employs porous adsorbent material (such as activated carbon or molecular sieves) within the vapour-adsorbent passage. The porous structure provides extensive surface area for vapour adsorption while maintaining controlled permeability. When the generator is off, the porous adsorbent material effectively traps residual vapour; when the generator is on, vapour can efficiently pass through the porous structure for adsorption before reaching the outlet.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

2Object-affected harmful factors

If adsorbent material is placed at the outlet to trap vapour, then vapour leakage is reduced when off, but the device complexity increases and rapid switching becomes more difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevapour leakageVSAvoidstructure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention merges the vapour-adsorbent passage with the existing vapour generation chamber and outlet structure. The adsorbent material is integrated directly into the vapour pathway rather than being a separate external component. This integration reduces overall device complexity while maintaining effective vapour trapping, as the adsorbent becomes an inherent part of the vapour delivery system rather than an add-on component.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The vapour-adsorbent passage serves multiple functions: it acts as a vapour transport channel when the generator is on, and simultaneously functions as a vapour trapping mechanism when the generator is off. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate vapour trapping components, reducing device complexity while maintaining effectiveness in preventing vapour leakage during rapid switching operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Object-affected harmful factors

If a vapour-adsorbent passage with adsorbent material is used, then vapour is effectively trapped when off, but the passage must be designed to allow sufficient vapour flow when on

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevapour leakageVSAvoidvapour delivery efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention employs dynamic control of gas flow through the vapour-adsorbent passage. When the generator is off, the passage operates in a static mode where adsorbent material effectively traps vapour. When the generator is on, increased gas flow dynamically overrides the adsorption capacity, carrying vapour through the passage to the outlet. This dynamic operation allows the same passage structure to serve both vapour trapping and vapour delivery functions effectively.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the flow rate parameter of gas through the vapour-adsorbent passage depending on operational state. At low or zero flow rates (generator off), the adsorbent material has sufficient time to trap vapour molecules. At high flow rates (generator on), the rapid gas flow reduces residence time and carries vapour through the passage before adsorption can occur, ensuring efficient vapour delivery. This parameter-based control resolves the contradiction between trapping and delivery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design effectively traps vapour when the generator is off, preventing contamination and allowing precise control for selective doping and calibration in detection systems, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of vapour delivery.

Implementation Method 1

a vapour-adsorbent passage extending from the chamber outlet such that all gas and vapour flowing from the chamber outlet flows through the vapour-adsorbent passage and such that, when no gas is caused to flow through the generator, vapour produced in the chamber flows to the passage and is adsorbed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 2

The passage is provided by a vapour-permeable passage extending through adsorbent means

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPermeation: Permeation

Implementation Method 3

when gas is caused to flow through the generator, the vapour is carried through the passage at a rate sufficiently high to ensure a flow of vapour from the generator outlet

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure gradient: Pressure Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP3300783B1Vapour generators
Publication Date: 2020.04.01 SMITHS DETECTION WATFORD LTD
  • EP3300783B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

A vapour generator system (1,101) for an ion mobility spectrometer (4,104) or other apparatus has a chamber (9,109) in which vapour is produced. A fan or other flow generator (6,106) is connected to an inlet (8,108) of the vapour chamber (9,109) and its outlet (13,113) is connected to a passage (114) provided by a tube having a vapour-permeable wall and extending through adsorbent means. When the fan (6,106) is on, gas flows through the vapour chamber (9,109) and the passage (114) to the IMS (4,104) or other outlet, with little vapour being adsorbed in the passage. When the fan (6,106) is off, any vapour molecules that escape to the passage (114) do so at a low rate such that substantially all is adsorbed by the adsorbent means and no vapour escapes.