Variable Compression Eccentric Layout Without Weakening Crankshaft Housing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for adjusting the compression ratio in reciprocating internal combustion engines compromise the stability of the crankshaft housing and bearing walls, leading to structural weaknesses and performance deterioration.

Innovation Solution

A device with an externally toothed eccentric, an adjustment unit, and a coupling unit using parallel, radially spaced pickup shafts, which are partially or completely housed within the crankshaft housing, cheek, and counterweight, allowing for compact and stable adjustment of the compression ratio without weakening the engine's structure.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If conventional methods for adjusting compression ratio are used, then the compression ratio can be varied, but the stability of the crankshaft housing and bearing walls is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevariable compression ratioVSAvoidcrankshaft housing stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The adjustment mechanism components (coupling unit, pickup shafts, adjusting unit) are nested within the crankshaft housing structure. The first and second pickup shafts are arranged radially spaced within the housing, with the coupling unit positioned between them. This nesting allows the variable compression ratio mechanism to be integrated without requiring additional external space that would compromise housing stability or bearing wall integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Solution Approach 2:

The coupling unit employs a radial arrangement of pickup shafts rather than a linear or axial configuration. The first pickup shaft and second pickup shaft are positioned at different radial locations within the crankshaft housing, allowing the adjustment mechanism to utilize the radial dimension of the housing. This dimensional approach enables compact integration while maintaining structural integrity of the bearing walls.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Use of energy by moving object

If the adjustment mechanism is added to vary compression ratio, then fuel efficiency improves, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel efficiencyVSAvoidadjustment mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The coupling unit merges the functions of the first pickup shaft and second pickup shaft into a single integrated component structure. Both shafts are mechanically coupled to each other and to the adjusting unit through the coupling unit, consolidating multiple adjustment functions into one unified mechanism. This merging reduces the number of separate components and simplifies the overall adjustment system while maintaining the ability to vary compression ratio for improved fuel efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Volume of moving object

If the pickup shafts are arranged radially spaced within the crankshaft housing, then the design becomes more compact, but the manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanism volumeVSAvoidshaft positioning precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The first pickup shaft and second pickup shaft are positioned at asymmetric radial locations within the crankshaft housing rather than at symmetric positions. This asymmetric arrangement allows optimization of the compact layout to fit within the available housing space while accommodating the specific geometric requirements of the eccentric and adjusting unit. The asymmetric positioning reduces interference with other components and allows for more practical manufacturing tolerances compared to a constrained symmetric arrangement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables reliable adjustment of the compression ratio with improved stability and performance, maintaining the strength of the crankshaft and crankshaft housing while allowing for variable compression ratios, thereby enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions.

Implementation Method 1

an externally toothed eccentric, which is designed and configured to be rotatably arranged between a crankpin of a crankshaft of a crank mechanism and a connecting rod eye of a connecting rod for changing the stroke height of a piston

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEccentric mechanism: Eccentric

Implementation Method 2

an adjusting unit, which is mechanically coupled to an external toothing of the eccentric and is designed for adjusting the eccentric by rotating the eccentric

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGear mechanism: Gear

Implementation Method 3

a coupling unit, which is designed for mechanically coupling the eccentric to the adjusting unit and for this purpose comprises first and second customer shafts arranged parallel to each other, radially spaced from each other and mechanically coupled to each other

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical coupling: Mechanical Force

Data Source

PatentEP3880946B1Device for varying a compression ratio, reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine and working device
Publication Date: 2023.07.05 BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG
  • EP3880946B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3880946B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3880946B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a device (10) for varying a compression ratio of a reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine (100), having an externally toothed eccentric (3) which is designed to be arranged between a crankpin (28) of a crankshaft (20) of a crank drive (20') and a connecting-rod eye of a connecting rod (22) in rotationally movable fashion for the purposes of varying a stroke length of a piston, which is mechanically coupled to the connecting rod (22), of the reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine (100), having an adjusting unit (12) which is mechanically coupled to an external toothing (3-1) of the eccentric (3) and which is designed for adjusting the eccentric (3) by rotation of the eccentric (3), and having a coupling unit (56) which is designed for mechanically coupling the eccentric (3) to the adjusting unit (12) and which, for this purpose, is formed with first and second pick-off shafts (5, 6) which are arranged parallel to one another, radially spaced apart from one another and mechanically coupled to one another, wherein the first pick-off shaft (5) is mechanically coupled to the external toothing (3-1) of the eccentric (3) and the second pick-off shaft (6) is mechanically coupled to the adjusting unit (12), and wherein the coupling unit (56) and in particular the first and second pick-off shafts (5, 6), the eccentric (3) and/or the adjusting unit (12) are designed for being partially or entirely arranged (a) in the interior of the crankshaft housing of the crankshaft (20), (b) within a structural space of a web (23) of the crankshaft (20), and/or (c) within a structural space of a counterweight (24).