Epicyclic Reduction Gear With Variable Ratio for Turbine Engine Adaptation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current turbomachine technologies face limitations in adapting to varying flight phases and power requirements, particularly in helicopter applications, due to fixed reduction ratios and complex architectures, which restrict efficiency and reactivity.

Innovation Solution

An epicyclic reduction gear system with a third element that can be selectively secured to the stator and driven at controlled speeds, allowing for adaptive reduction ratios and optimized performance across multiple operating points, enabled by braking means and mechanical connection mechanisms for power transmission.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a constant reduction ratio is used in the transmission chain, then the engine architecture is simplified and responsiveness is improved, but the compressor efficiency deteriorates at partial loads and the engine cannot adapt to varying flight phases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine architectureVSAvoidadaptation to varying flight phases
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies the dynamics principle by making the reduction ratio variable instead of fixed. The epicyclic gearbox incorporates a controllable element (such as a movable planet carrier or adjustable ring gear) that can change the effective number of gear teeth engaged, thereby continuously varying the reduction ratio according to flight conditions. This allows the engine to adapt to different flight phases while maintaining a relatively simple overall architecture without requiring multiple fixed-ratio gearboxes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Productivity

If a free turbine architecture is used, then compressor efficiency is optimized and pumping margin is improved, but the engine architecture becomes complex and responsiveness deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressor efficiencyVSAvoidengine architecture
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the advantages of linked and free turbine architectures by combining a simplified linked turbine structure with a variable reduction ratio gearbox. The epicyclic gearbox allows the turbine to operate at optimal speeds for compressor efficiency while the variable gearing compensates for the lack of independent turbine speed control, effectively combining the benefits of both architectures without their respective drawbacks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Device complexity

If a linked turbine architecture is used, then responsiveness is improved and architecture is simplified, but compressor efficiency deteriorates at partial loads and adaptability is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine architectureVSAvoidcompressor efficiency at partial loads
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The variable reduction ratio gearbox dynamically adjusts the gear ratio to maintain optimal compressor operating conditions across different power settings. At partial loads, the gearbox modifies the reduction ratio to keep the compressor within its efficient operating range, thereby resolving the efficiency deterioration issue while preserving the simplified linked turbine architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Speed

If an epicyclic gearbox with constant reduction ratio is used, then the fan can rotate slowly with large diameter, but the gas generator cannot adapt to variations in intake requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefan rotation speedVSAvoidgas generator adaptation
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a variable reduction ratio epicyclic gearbox that allows the gas generator speed to vary independently of the fan speed. By making the reduction ratio adjustable, the system can adapt the gas generator operating point to match varying intake requirements while maintaining the desired slow fan rotation for high thrust efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP3464855B1Aircraft turbine engine with epicyclic reduction gear having a variable reduction ratio
Publication Date: 2021.02.17 SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES SAS
  • EP3464855B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3464855B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3464855B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The invention relates to an aircraft turbine engine, including at least one rotary body comprising a compressor rotor and a turbine rotor connected to one another by a rotor shaft, the turbine engine being configured to drive a member by said shaft via an epicyclic reduction gear (32), said reduction gear including at least one first element (50) configured to be rotatably secured to said shaft, at least one second element (56) rotatably secured to said member, and at least one third element (52) which is configured to be selectively secured to a stator of the turbine engine and separated from said stator, characterised in that it comprises means (82, 84) for rotating said third element which are configured to drive said third element at a predetermined speed when it is separated from said stator.