Variable Expandable Scalpel for Guided Incision Precision
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional surgical incision techniques using radiographic imaging and manual scalpel methods introduce variability and error, leading to increased soft tissue disruption and iatrogenic effects during spinal procedures.
Innovation Solution
A scalpel device with an expandable cutting tool and actuator that allows for precise adjustment of incision width, angle, and retraction, integrated with a surgical robotic system for guided incision.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If manual scalpel methods with radiographic imaging are used, then surgical flexibility is maintained, but incision precision and consistency deteriorate due to surgeon variation and margin of error
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces manual mechanical scalpel cutting with an automated robotic system that uses computer-controlled mechanisms to execute incisions. The robotic arm with articulated joints and end effector substitutes the surgeon's manual hand movements, eliminating human variation and achieving consistent, precise incisions based on pre-planned trajectories and dimensions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system creates a digital replica or model of the surgical site using radiographic imaging and 3D reconstruction. This virtual copy allows for precise measurement, planning, and simulation of incisions before actual surgery, enabling exact replication of planned incision parameters without manual measurement errors.
2Ease of operation
If larger incisions are made to ensure adequate access, then surgical access is improved, but soft tissue disruption and iatrogenic effects increase
Solution Approach 1:
The robotic system enables precise control of incision parameters including length, width, depth, and trajectory. By accurately adjusting these parameters to the minimum necessary for the surgical procedure, the system provides adequate access while minimizing soft tissue disruption. The ability to precisely control blade extension and cutting depth ensures incisions are no larger than required.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs pre-surgical planning and trajectory mapping using radiographic imaging to determine the optimal incision path and dimensions before actual cutting. This preliminary action allows surgeons to visualize and plan the most efficient access route, ensuring adequate surgical exposure while minimizing tissue disruption through optimized incision design.
3Adaptability or versatility
If variable incision widths are used based on procedure requirements, then surgical adaptability is improved, but control precision and consistency deteriorate due to manual adjustment variability
Solution Approach 1:
The robotic system features dynamically adjustable parameters that can be modified in real-time based on surgical requirements. The incision width, depth, and trajectory can be changed through software control without affecting precision or consistency. The system adapts to different procedural needs while maintaining exact control through computerized positioning and actuation mechanisms.
Data Source
AI summary
Various implementations include a scalpel device and related surgical robots. In one implementation, a scalpel device includes: a body sized to translate within a guide tube for delivery to a patient; an expandable cutting tool coupled with a distal end of the body, the expandable cutting tool including a cutting assembly; and an actuator including a control feature coupled with a proximal end of the body, wherein the actuator enables adjustment of the cutting assembly according to an incision width selected from a set of incision widths defined by the control feature.