Variable-Sized Label Encoding for Lower MPLS Header Overhead

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing label switched packet networks face significant overhead due to fixed-sized label values in MPLS, which is not scalable for public networks like SD-WANs and IDCs, leading to inefficiencies in header overhead and resource utilization.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a variable-sized label value field within the MPLS data plane, utilizing a set of label units to encode label values based on their range, reducing overhead by up to 75% and improving scalability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If fixed-sized label values are used in MPLS, then label switching is simple and reliable, but header overhead is excessive and scalability is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovescalabilityVSAvoidheader overhead
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by transforming the static fixed-sized label value field into a dynamic variable-sized label value field. The label value field now adapts its size (1, 2, or 3 bytes) based on the actual label value range, allowing the header overhead to vary dynamically with the data being transmitted rather than remaining constant at 4 bytes for all cases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter of label value field size from a fixed constant to a variable parameter. By introducing size indication bits that specify whether the label value occupies 1, 2, or 3 bytes, the system allows the header length parameter to be adjusted according to the actual label value requirements, reducing overall header overhead while maintaining compatibility with existing MPLS label switching mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Quantity of substance

If variable-sized label values are implemented, then header overhead is reduced and scalability improves, but processing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheader overheadVSAvoidprocessing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-defining the possible sizes of the label value field (1, 2, or 3 bytes) and encoding this size information in the header using size indication bits. Network elements are预先 configured to recognize these size indicators and process accordingly, avoiding the need for complex runtime analysis to determine label value size. This preliminary structuring simplifies the processing complexity despite the variable sizes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of manufacture

If fixed 4-byte label values are used, then network element implementation is straightforward, but resource utilization is inefficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimplementation simplicityVSAvoidresource utilization efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the parameter of label value field size from a fixed constant to a variable parameter. By introducing size indication bits that specify whether the label value occupies 1, 2, or 3 bytes, the system allows the header length parameter to be adjusted according to the actual label value requirements, reducing overall header overhead while maintaining compatibility with existing MPLS label switching mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3808042B1Flexible label value encoding in label switched packet networks
Publication Date: 2025.10.22 NOKIA SOLUTIONS & NETWORKS OY
  • EP3808042B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3808042B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3808042B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Various example embodiments for supporting packet forwarding in communication networks are described. Various example embodiments for supporting packet forwarding in communication networks may be configured to support packet forwarding in label switched packet networks. Various example embodiments for supporting packet forwarding in label switched packet networks may utilize a variable-sized label value field to encode label values within a header of a label switched packet. Various example embodiments for supporting packet forwarding in label switched packet networks may utilize a variable-sized label value field to encode label values within a label stack in a header of a label switched packet. Various example embodiments for supporting packet forwarding in label switched packet networks may encode a label value within a label stack in a header of a label switched packet using a variable-sized label value field having a size that is based on the label value.