Variable Pitch Fan Blades for Boundary Layer Ingestion

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional aircraft gas turbine engines face inefficiencies due to non-uniform airflow characteristics across different parts of the fan, resulting in suboptimal incidence angles for fan blades and reduced fan efficiency.

Innovation Solution

A fan assembly with a mechanism to adjust the pitch of each fan blade based on its circumferential position, ensuring proper blade pitch alignment with varying airflow velocity vectors, thereby optimizing blade incidence angles and fan efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If the fan is mounted adjacent to an aircraft surface, then the engine can be positioned in alternate architectures, but portions of the fan ingest boundary layer airflow with non-uniform velocity, reducing fan efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine mounting positionVSAvoidfan efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The fan blade pitch angles are made variable rather than fixed. Each fan blade can dynamically adjust its pitch angle to optimize performance across different circumferential positions, allowing the fan to adapt to the non-uniform boundary layer airflow while maintaining high efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

Different portions of the fan blade circumference are assigned different pitch angles. The pitch angle varies as a function of circumferential position, with blades at positions experiencing lower velocity boundary layer flow having different pitch angles compared to blades at positions experiencing higher velocity free stream flow, optimizing local performance across the entire fan

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Device complexity

If a single pitch angle is used for all fan blades, then the mechanism is simple, but the blade incidence angles are suboptimal for non-uniform airflow, reducing fan efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepitch adjustment mechanismVSAvoidfan efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The pitch adjustment mechanism enables dynamic variation of pitch angles for different fan blades based on their circumferential position. This dynamic capability allows the system to optimize blade incidence angles for non-uniform airflow conditions while maintaining a relatively compact and integrated mechanism design

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The pitch angle parameter is varied as a function of circumferential position around the fan. By changing this geometric parameter across different blade positions, the system optimizes the blade incidence angle to match the local airflow velocity, thereby maximizing fan efficiency without requiring overly complex mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3597896B1Boundary layer ingesting fan
Publication Date: 2025.04.09 RTX CORP
  • EP3597896B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3597896B1 patent drawingFigure 2~5
  • EP3597896B1 patent drawingFigure 6

AI summary

A fan assembly (16) for gas turbine engine (18) includes a plurality of fan blades (20) rotatable about a fan rotation axis (A), each of the plurality of fan blades movable about an axis (46) transverse to the fan rotation axis (A), a fan nacelle (26) partially surrounding the plurality of fan blades (20), and a pitch mechanism (40) coupled to the plurality of blades (20) that changes an angle of pitch for each of the plurality of blades corresponding to a circumferential position of the fan blade about the fan rotation axis (A).