Variable Pitch Rotor With Tensioning Joint Mechanism

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Solution Overview

Problem

Aerodynamic rotors in aircraft experience reduced stiffness due to large diameter fan blades, leading to noise generation and efficiency loss from small deformations, particularly in turbofan engines with variable pitch blades, which are exacerbated by flexible structures and distorted airflow.

Innovation Solution

A structure with tensioning joint mechanisms and tension elements that maintain constant lateral force along the blade span, allowing pitch variation without altering tension, thereby increasing stiffness and reducing noise through acoustic node modulation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If fan diameter is increased to improve fuel efficiency, then propulsive performance is improved, but blade stiffness is reduced leading to increased noise and deformation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel efficiencyVSAvoidblade stiffness
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The blade structure is segmented into multiple functional zones: the variable pitch mechanism at the root, the tension element attachment points at intermediate stations, and the aerodynamic profile at the tip. This segmentation allows independent optimization of each zone - the root for pitch control, the intermediate stations for stiffness reinforcement, and the tip for aerodynamic performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The rotor system employs composite construction combining traditional blade materials with tension element reinforcement. The tension elements act as structural reinforcements that can be integrated with the existing blade composite structure, creating a hybrid system that maintains flexibility where needed while adding stiffness where required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Adaptability or versatility

If blade pitch is varied to optimize performance at different flight phases, then adaptability is improved, but structural stability is compromised due to reduced stiffness

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblade pitch variationVSAvoidstructural stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts blade pitch angle according to flight conditions while the tension elements provide continuous structural support. The variable pitch mechanism remains fully functional, but the tension elements ensure that during pitch transitions and at various pitch settings, the blade maintains adequate stiffness to prevent excessive deformation and maintain structural stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Object-generated harmful factors

If tension elements are added to increase blade stiffness, then noise is reduced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovenoiseVSAvoidstructural complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The tension elements serve multiple functions simultaneously: they act as structural reinforcements to increase blade stiffness, provide aerodynamic benefits by reducing deformation-induced noise, and maintain compatibility with the variable pitch mechanism. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate components and simplifies the overall system architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively reduces noise and enhances propulsive performance by increasing blade stiffness and shifting natural frequencies away from blade passage frequencies, improving aerodynamic and acoustic properties.

Implementation Method 1

at least one tension element engaged by the at least one tension joint mechanism in each blade, said at least one tension element configured to maintain tension between the blades in the rotor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTension: Tension

Implementation Method 2

exerting a lateral correcting force on the blades with the at least one tension element to establish acoustic nodes to modulate deformation wavelength of the blades

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic node modulation: Resonance

Data Source

PatentEP3118105B1Laterally reinforced variable pitch rotor
Publication Date: 2018.10.17 THE BOEING CO
  • EP3118105B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3118105B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3118105B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

A propulsion unit having reduced noise employs a rotor (16a, 16b) having a plurality of variable pitch blades (22). A tensioning joint mechanism (28) is carried within each blade (22) and a tension element (20) is engaged by the tension joint mechanism (28). The tension element (20) is configured to maintain tension between the blades (22) in the rotor (16a, 16b) and the tensioning joint mechanism (28) adapted to allow variation of pitch of the blades (22) without altering tension in the tension element (20).