Variable Thickness Composite Spar Braiding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional composite spar manufacturing techniques, such as the ply-drop method, are costly, labor-intensive, and prone to defects when producing complex shapes with varying thicknesses, leading to potential delamination and stress points due to resin pockets and braided fibre misalignment.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus using a braiding machine with a non-cylindrical mandrel and variable position shuttle to create a variable thickness composite spar component by braiding fibers, flattening, and cutting the preform, eliminating the need for the ply-drop technique and allowing for automated production without skilled operator dependency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Shape

If the ply-drop technique is used to manufacture composite spars with varying thickness, then complex shapes can be formed, but the manufacturing process becomes labor-intensive, costly, and slow

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomplex shape with varying thicknessVSAvoidmanufacturing speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the manual mechanical ply-drop technique with an automated braiding machine system. The braiding machine uses mechanical automation to lay down fibers in the desired pattern, eliminating the need for skilled operators to manually place and shape fabric layers. This substitution of manual mechanical work with automated mechanical systems directly addresses the productivity issue while maintaining the ability to create complex varying thickness shapes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental manufacturing parameter from manual layer-by-layer fabric placement to automated fiber braiding. By transitioning from a process controlled by operator skill to one controlled by machine parameters (braiding pattern, tension, speed), the manufacturing speed and consistency are dramatically improved while still achieving the required complex geometries.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Shape

If the ply-drop technique is used to manufacture composite spars, then complex shapes can be formed, but the manufacturing costs increase due to expensive materials and skilled labor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomplex shape with varying thicknessVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the manual mechanical ply-drop technique with an automated braiding machine system. The braiding machine uses mechanical automation to lay down fibers in the desired pattern, eliminating the need for skilled operators to manually place and shape fabric layers. This substitution of manual mechanical work with automated mechanical systems directly addresses the productivity issue while maintaining the ability to create complex varying thickness shapes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a disposable or consumable mandrel system that can be easily removed after braiding. The mandrel serves its purpose during manufacturing and is then discarded or reused, eliminating the need for expensive, precision-machined tooling that would be required for traditional molding methods. This reduces the capital equipment cost while maintaining the ability to produce complex shapes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Shape

If the ply-drop technique is used to manufacture composite spars, then complex shapes can be formed, but the quality control becomes difficult due to resin pockets and fibre misalignment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomplex shape with varying thicknessVSAvoidquality consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the manual mechanical ply-drop technique with an automated braiding machine system. The braiding machine uses mechanical automation to lay down fibers in the desired pattern, eliminating the need for skilled operators to manually place and shape fabric layers. This substitution of manual mechanical work with automated mechanical systems directly addresses the productivity issue while maintaining the ability to create complex varying thickness shapes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The braiding process is self-regulating in terms of fiber placement and tension control. The machine automatically maintains consistent fiber tension and spacing throughout the braiding process, eliminating the variability introduced by manual operations. The system monitors and adjusts parameters automatically, ensuring consistent quality without requiring continuous human intervention or inspection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP2206597B1Method and apparatus for manufacturing composite spars
Publication Date: 2019.02.20 GE AVIATION SYST LTD
  • EP2206597B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2206597B1 patent drawingFigure 2~4
  • EP2206597B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a method 200 of manufacturing at least one non-uniform thickness composite spar component 152. The method comprises braiding 202 a plurality of fibres 126 over a non-cylindrical mandrel 140 to form a variable thickness shaped fibre preform 150, flattening the shaped fibre preform 150 and cutting the flattened shaped fibre preform 150 to obtain the at least one non-uniform thickness composite spar component 152. Spars 152 made according to various embodiments of the present invention are faster and less expensive to manufacture than conventional composite spar components.