3D Vascular Pulse Wave Reconstruction from 2D Angiography
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current techniques are unable to perform higher order dimensional spatiotemporal reconstruction of moving vascular pulse waves from lower order dimensional angiographic projections due to ongoing variations in angiographic contrast between projections, limiting the reconstruction to two spatial dimensions.
Innovation Solution
The use of physiological coherence of vascular pulse waves and complex-valued methods, such as the inverse Penrose transform, to synchronize and process multiple lower dimensional image projections, allowing for the reconstruction of higher dimensional representations of cardiac frequency angiographic phenomena.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional reconstruction techniques are used, then two-dimensional angiographic projections can be obtained, but three-dimensional spatiotemporal reconstruction of moving vascular pulse waves is not achievable
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dimensionality change by transitioning from two-dimensional angiographic projections to three-dimensional spatiotemporal reconstruction. The system reconstructs moving vascular pulse waves in 3D space-time by processing multiple 2D projections acquired at different time points, thereby adding the spatial dimension while preserving temporal dynamics of the pulse waves.
2Quantity of substance
If multiple lower dimensional angiographic projections are acquired, then more data is available, but synchronization and processing complexity increases due to physiological variations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs feedback mechanisms by using the known physiological characteristics of cardiac frequency as a reference to synchronize multiple angiographic projections. The system leverages the periodic nature of pulse waves at cardiac frequency to align temporal information across different projections, reducing synchronization complexity while maintaining accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The system applies parameter changes by transforming the synchronization approach from attempting to capture all physiological variations to focusing specifically on cardiac frequency parameters. By filtering and processing projections at the known cardiac frequency range, the system simplifies the synchronization task while retaining essential vascular pulse wave information.
3Speed
If reconstruction is performed at faster than cardiac frequency, then temporal resolution is improved, but the ability to reconstruct individual stroke volumes is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes periodic action by exploiting the rhythmic nature of cardiac pulse waves. The system acquires projections at faster than cardiac frequency and then groups them according to the periodic cardiac cycle, allowing reconstruction of individual stroke volumes by accumulating data across multiple periodic cycles rather than attempting to capture each stroke volume in a single acquisition.
Data Source
AI summary
A plurality of image projections are acquired at faster than cardiac rate. A spatiotemporal reconstruction of cardiac frequency angiographic phenomena in three spatial dimensions is generated from two dimensional image projections using physiological coherence at cardiac frequency. Complex valued methods may be used to operate on the plurality of image projections to reconstruct a higher dimensional spatiotemporal object. From a plurality of two spatial dimensional angiographic projections, a 3D spatial reconstruction of moving pulse waves and other cardiac frequency angiographic phenomena is obtained. Reconstruction techniques for angiographic data obtained from biplane angiography devices are also provided herein.