VCO Offset-Voltage Compensation for Dual-Band Frequency Coverage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Radar transceivers face challenges in switching between frequency bands due to timing and frequency alignment issues, limiting the operating range of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and requiring multiple VCOs for dual-band operation, which increases complexity and reduces bandwidth.

Innovation Solution

A voltage-controlled-oscillator circuit that includes a charge-pump to generate a tuning-voltage and an offset-voltage source to compensate for the minimum-operating-voltage of the charge-pump, allowing a single VCO to cover multiple frequency bands by extending its operating range.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If two dedicated VCOs are provided for dual-band operation, then each frequency band can be covered with optimal performance, but the device complexity and bill of materials increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency band coverageVSAvoidnumber of VCOs
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a single VCO that can operate across multiple frequency bands (76-77 GHz and 77-81 GHz) by extending its tuning range through offset voltage compensation. This allows one VCO to perform the function of multiple dedicated VCOs, reducing device complexity while maintaining multi-band adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the operating parameters of the VCO by introducing offset voltage compensation to extend the tuning range. By compensating for the minimum operating voltage of the charge pump, the VCO can be tuned across a wider frequency range, enabling a single device to cover multiple bands that would otherwise require separate VCOs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Adaptability or versatility

If the VCO tuning range is extended to cover multiple frequency bands, then a single VCO can be used, but the charge pump minimum operating voltage becomes a limiting constraint

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperating frequency rangeVSAvoidcharge pump operation
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an offset voltage source as an intermediary component that compensates for the charge pump's minimum operating voltage. This offset voltage acts as a mediator between the charge pump and the VCO, allowing the VCO to be tuned below the charge pump's natural minimum voltage threshold while maintaining reliable charge pump operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies preliminary compensation for the charge pump's minimum operating voltage constraint by adding an offset voltage. This preliminary anti-action counteracts the voltage threshold limitation before it becomes a problem, enabling the VCO tuning range to extend below what would otherwise be the minimum operating point.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

3Device complexity

If a single VCO is used for multiple frequency bands, then device complexity is reduced, but timing and frequency alignment issues arise during real-time switching

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of PLLsVSAvoidfrequency switching
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a universal VCO design that can operate across multiple frequency bands with a single phase-locked loop. By extending the VCO tuning range to cover both 76-77 GHz and 77-81 GHz bands, the system eliminates the need for multiple PLLs and their associated switching complexity, making frequency band switching simpler while maintaining timing and frequency alignment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables a single VCO to operate across multiple frequency bands, reducing complexity and improving bandwidth, while maintaining stable phase noise performance, thus facilitating real-time frequency switching in radar transceivers.

Implementation Method 1

A voltage-controlled-oscillator circuit according to one or more of the embodiments described above, wherein the voltage-controlled-oscillator comprises at least one varactor unit, and wherein a varactor-voltage based on the offset-voltage is applied across a varactor of the at least one varactor unit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVaractor voltage compensation:

Data Source

PatentEP3499727B1Voltage-controlled-oscillator circuit
Publication Date: 2023.10.25 NXP USA INC
  • EP3499727B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3499727B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2c
  • EP3499727B1 patent drawingFigure 2b

AI summary

The disclosure relates to voltage-controlled-oscillator circuit comprising: a charge-pump configured to generate a tuning-voltage, the tuning-voltage having a minimum-operating-voltage; an offset-voltage-source configured to generate an offset-voltage in accordance with the minimum-operating-voltage; and a voltage-controlled-oscillator, VCO, configured to provide an oscillator frequency in accordance with the tuning-voltage and the offset-voltage.