VCSEL Swept-Source Interferometer Control for Whole-Eye Scans

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing semiconductor laser diode-based swept source interferometer systems face challenges in achieving high coherence length, wide wavelength tuning range, and high repetition rates, making them unsuitable for whole-eye biometric measurements due to limitations in sensitivity and resolution.

Innovation Solution

The method involves controlling semiconductor laser diodes using periodic current modulation to tune a highly coherent spectral laser line with the highest possible repetition rate and wide wavelength range, optimizing parameters such as center wavelength, sweep rate, sweep range, optical power, and coherence length, using single-mode VCSEL laser diodes with active semiconductor materials and thermal management.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If complex MEMS laser diode systems are used to achieve high coherence length and wide wavelength range, then imaging resolution and measurement depth are improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimaging resolutionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the operating parameters of VCSEL laser diodes by applying periodic current modulation instead of using complex MEMS systems. This approach achieves the required coherence length and wavelength tuning range through electrical parameter control, simplifying the device architecture while maintaining measurement precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical MEMS tuning systems with electrical current modulation of VCSEL diodes. This substitution eliminates moving parts and mechanical complexity while achieving the same spectral tuning function through electrical control, thereby reducing device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If high sweep rates of 10-100 kHz are used to exclude motion artifacts, then measurement reliability is improved, but the laser sweep range is insufficient to achieve required resolution

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement reliabilityVSAvoidresolution
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies periodic current modulation to the VCSEL laser diode at sweep rates of 10-100 kHz to exclude motion artifacts. This periodic excitation achieves both high measurement reliability and sufficient wavelength sweep range by optimizing the modulation parameters

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts the current modulation parameters including sweep rate, amplitude, and waveform to simultaneously achieve high measurement reliability through fast scanning and sufficient wavelength range for required resolution

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Productivity

If VCSEL laser diodes are tuned over wide wavelength range with high repetition rate, then productivity and measurement speed are improved, but coherence length decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement speedVSAvoidcoherence length
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the current modulation parameters including amplitude, frequency, and waveform shape to achieve the right balance between sweep speed and coherence length maintenance. By carefully controlling the modulation depth and rate, both productivity and coherence requirements are satisfied

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables high-resolution, whole-eye scans with improved sensitivity and reduced eye movement artifacts, meeting the requirements for biometric measurements while adhering to laser safety regulations.

Implementation Method 1

a semiconductor laser diode (1) with a control unit (2), wherein the control unit (2) is designed to control an operation of the semiconductor laser diode (1) by means of periodic current modulation so that a highly coherent spectral laser line can be tuned

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStimulated emission: Laser

Implementation Method 2

An interferometer is a technical optical device that uses interference for precision measurements. It measures all effects that change the effective path length of the waves and thus the properties of the superimposed wave

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterference: Interference

Implementation Method 3

the control unit (2) is designed to control an operation of the semiconductor laser diode (1) by means of periodic current modulation so that a highly coherent spectral laser line can be tuned

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectro-optic effect: Electro-Optic Effects

Data Source

PatentEP3931523B1Method for controlling a semiconductor-laser-diode-based ss-interferometer system
Publication Date: 2025.08.13 CARL ZEISS MEDITEC AG
  • EP3931523B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3931523B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3931523B1 patent drawing

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for controlling a semiconductor-laser-diode-based SS-interferometer system (SS = swept source), which allows for a wide range of application and is suitable for use in ophthalmology, in particular for imaging and for determining biometric measurement values of the eye. In the method according to the invention, by means of periodic current modulation, the operation of single semiconductor laser diodes is designed such that a highly coherent spectral laser line can be adjusted with a highest possible repetition rate and over a wide wavelength range. In addition, the following parameters: centre wavelength, sweep rate, sweep range, optical power in the eye and coherence length are adjusted such that the method is suitable for imaging and biometric applications via whole-eye scans. The proposed semiconductor-laser-diode-based SS-interferometer system is provided, in particular, for biometric measuring of the eye. Given that the embodiments are based preferably on optical, coherence tomographic scan images, the main application lies in opthalmological diagnostics, treatment and the preparation of surgical procedures and follow-up thereof.