VCSEL Transmitter Bias Current and Modulation Depth Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Laser diodes, such as VCSELs, used in LiFi systems face challenges due to temperature dependency, leading to increased threshold current and reduced modulation depth, which results in distortion and reduced throughput.

Innovation Solution

An optical wireless communications transmitter is designed with a laser diode, a bias current delivery circuit, a modulator, and a temperature sensor. A controller adjusts the bias current and modulation depth based on the sensed temperature to maintain optimal operating conditions, minimizing power consumption and maximizing data transmission rates.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If laser diode operates at higher bias current to maintain data transmission rate, then data transmission rate is improved, but power consumption increases and temperature rises

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata transmission rateVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic adjustment of bias current and modulation depth based on real-time temperature monitoring. The system transitions from static operation to dynamic adaptation, where operating parameters are continuously optimized according to temperature conditions, allowing the laser diode to maintain optimal performance across varying thermal environments without excessive power consumption

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the operating parameters (bias current and modulation depth) as a function of temperature. By establishing temperature-dependent parameter adjustment, the system optimizes the trade-off between data transmission rate and power consumption, selecting appropriate parameter combinations that balance performance requirements with energy efficiency at different operating temperatures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If laser diode operates at higher bias current to maintain modulation depth, then signal quality is improved, but threshold current increases due to temperature rise

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal qualityVSAvoidlaser diode temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback control mechanism where temperature is continuously monitored and used to adjust bias current and modulation depth. This closed-loop control prevents temperature-induced threshold current increases by proactively adapting operating parameters, thereby maintaining signal quality without allowing temperature to rise to harmful levels

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system takes preliminary action by adjusting bias current and modulation depth before temperature-induced degradation occurs. By monitoring temperature and preemptively optimizing parameters, the system prevents threshold current increases rather than reacting after performance degradation has already occurred

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Device complexity

If fixed bias current is used to simplify control, then device complexity is reduced, but data transmission rate varies with temperature

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol circuit complexityVSAvoiddata transmission rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces temperature-dependent parameter adjustment, where bias current and modulation depth are modified based on thermal conditions. This approach accepts increased control complexity as necessary to maintain stable data transmission rates across varying temperatures, optimizing the trade-off between system complexity and performance consistency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution effectively mitigates the temperature-dependent issues in laser diodes, enhancing data transmission rates and reducing energy dissipation by dynamically adjusting the bias current and modulation depth in response to temperature changes.

Implementation Method 1

a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature associated with the laser diode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature sensing:

Implementation Method 2

a laser diode; a bias current delivery circuit for delivering a bias current to the laser diode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight emission from laser diode: Laser

Data Source

PatentEP4406153B1An optical wireless communication system
Publication Date: 2025.05.21 SIGNIFY HOLDING BV
  • EP4406153B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4406153B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4406153B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

An optical wireless communications transmitter comprising a laser diode (82) such as vertical cavity surface emitting laser,VCSEL, a bias current delivery circuit (85) for delivering a bias current to the VCSEL, a modulator (81) for injecting a modulation current to the VCSEL superposed with the bias current and a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature associated with the VCSEL. A controller (84) is adapted to set the bias current and the current modulation depth in dependence on the sensed temperature to achieve a target operating condition in the form of a data transmissions rate and where the bias current is set to a lowest possible level with the current modulation depth selected, and when a higher data transmission rate is needed the modulation depth is increased taking into accout a current upper limit.