Vector Down-Conversion and Interleaving for Floating-Point Throughput

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing instruction set architectures (ISAs) struggle to efficiently handle vector operations, particularly in converting and interleaving multiple floating-point values, leading to inefficiencies in processor performance and functionality.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of a vector friendly instruction format that supports various vector operations, including down-conversion and interleaving of floating-point values, through specific instruction templates and formats that allow for efficient handling of vector data elements, enabling processors to perform operations like rounding, data transformation, and memory access with enhanced control over rounding modes and caching strategies.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If existing instruction set architectures are used for vector operations, then basic processing functionality is maintained, but processing efficiency and performance are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomputational throughputVSAvoidinstruction set complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The instruction set is segmented into specialized templates: conversion templates for data type conversion, interleaving templates for data arrangement, and vector operation templates for computational operations. Each template is optimized for specific tasks, allowing efficient handling of different vector processing needs without requiring a single complex general-purpose instruction format.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The vector friendly instruction format provides multi-functionality by supporting multiple operations within unified template structures. The same template framework handles conversion, interleaving, and computational operations, reducing overall instruction set complexity while maintaining versatility through parameter variations within templates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Productivity

If multiple floating point values are converted and interleaved using existing methods, then data transformation is achieved, but processing overhead increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconversion efficiencyVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The instruction set performs preliminary actions by combining conversion and interleaving operations into single unified instructions. Data type conversion and interleaving are executed simultaneously in one operation rather than sequentially, eliminating intermediate storage and reducing processing time for preparing floating point values for neural network computations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple operations are merged into single instruction templates. The conversion template handles both data type conversion and positioning, while the interleaving template combines data arrangement with storage operations. This merging reduces the number of separate instructions needed and minimizes processing overhead.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Manufacturing precision

If vector operations are performed with enhanced control features, then operational precision is improved, but instruction complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverounding control precisionVSAvoidinstruction format complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Rounding control and caching strategy parameters are applied locally within specific instruction templates rather than globally across all instructions. Each conversion and vector operation template includes localized control fields for rounding modes and caching behaviors, allowing precise control where needed while keeping other instructions simple and maintaining overall instruction set manageability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP4321992B1Apparatus and method for down-converting and interleaving multiple floating point values
Publication Date: 2025.09.24 INTEL CORP
  • EP4321992B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4321992B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4321992B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2C

AI summary

An apparatus and method for down-converting and interleaving data elements. For example, one embodiment of a processor comprises: a decoder to decode a first instruction to generate a decoded instruction; a first source register to store a first plurality of packed data elements; a second source register to store a second plurality of packed data elements; a destination register to store a third plurality and a fourth plurality of packed data elements, each of the third and fourth plurality of packed data elements to be encoded with fewer bits than each of the first and second plurality of packed data elements; execution circuitry to execute the decoded instruction, the execution circuitry comprising: down-conversion circuitry to down-convert each of the first plurality of packed data elements to generate one of the third plurality of packed data elements and to down-convert each of the second plurality of packed data elements to generate one of the fourth plurality of packed data elements; interleave circuitry to interleave the third plurality of packed data elements with the fourth plurality of packed data elements within the destination register.