Vector-Sensitive Electrometer for Directional Signal Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electric field measurement systems are inefficient in detecting and distinguishing between adversarial signals in electronic warfare environments, lacking the ability to accurately determine the direction and characteristics of spoofing or jamming signals without bulky and interference-prone filtering electronics.

Innovation Solution

A vector-sensitive electrometer system utilizing a sensor cell with alkali metal vapor, a probe laser, and a coupling laser to generate collinear and anti-parallel beams, combined with orthogonal reference signals, to determine the frequency, phase, magnitude, and polarization of external signals through tensor measurements, enabling precise direction determination of adversarial signals.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional filtering electronics are used to detect and distinguish adversarial signals, then signal detection capability is improved, but device complexity and size increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal detection capabilityVSAvoidfiltering electronics
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical/electronic filtering systems with an optical-based electrometer system using alkali metal vapor and laser beams. The detection mechanism uses optical transitions and polarization changes in the vapor medium to filter and detect adversarial signals, eliminating bulky filtering electronics while maintaining detection precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the detection parameter from direct electrical signal filtering to optical property measurement (polarization, frequency, intensity) of laser beams passing through alkali metal vapor. This parameter transformation enables compact implementation while preserving signal discrimination capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If directional detection capability is improved to determine signal source, then anti-spoofing capability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedirectional detection capabilityVSAvoiddetection system
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The electrometer system performs multiple functions simultaneously: it detects signal presence, determines signal direction through polarization analysis, identifies signal frequency, and distinguishes adversarial signals all within a single integrated apparatus using alkali metal vapor and laser beams, eliminating the need for separate directional detection components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system provides accurate detection and direction determination of adversarial signals without bulky filtering electronics, offering a compact and efficient solution for electronic warfare applications.

Implementation Method 1

The probe beam and the coupling beam can be arranged collinearly and anti-parallel with each other, such that the probe beam exiting the sensor cell can correspond to a detection beam. Each of the probe beam and the coupling beam can be provided through the sensor cell via a set of optics

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRydberg transition:

Implementation Method 2

a detection system to monitor the detection beam to detect characteristics of the external signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic interaction with alkali metal vapor:

Data Source

PatentEP4022322B1Vector-sensitive electrometer
Publication Date: 2026.04.08 NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP
  • EP4022322B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4022322B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4022322B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

One embodiment includes an electrometer system that includes a sensor cell and a probe laser to generate a probe beam directed through the sensor cell in a first direction and exiting the sensor cell as a detection beam. The system also includes a coupling laser to generate a coupling beam directed through the sensor cell collinearly and anti-parallel with the probe beam. The system also includes a reference signal generator configured to generate a reference signal having a predetermined polarization and a predetermined frequency through the sensor cell. The system further includes a detection system configured to monitor the detection beam to determine a frequency and a vector component of an external signal based on an intensity of the detection beam and based on the predetermined polarization and the predetermined frequency of the reference signal.