Vegetable Oil Emulsifier for Drilling Fluid Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional emulsifiers used in emulsion drilling fluids are often poorly biodegradable and toxic, making them unsuitable for environmentally sensitive drilling operations, particularly in high pressure and high temperature conditions.

Innovation Solution

The development of emulsifiers synthesized from processed vegetable oils, which are esterified and then hydrolyzed to produce fatty acid salts, offering improved ecological friendliness and yield compared to traditional emulsifiers.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional emulsifiers are used in emulsion drilling fluids, then the drilling fluid can maintain stability and viscosity under high pressure and temperature conditions, but the emulsifiers are poorly biodegradable and toxic to the environment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedrilling fluid stabilityVSAvoidenvironmental toxicity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the emulsifier by using fatty acid salts derived from vegetable oils instead of conventional synthetic emulsifiers. This parameter change maintains the emulsifier's functional properties (stability and viscosity control) while improving biodegradability and reducing environmental toxicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs emulsifiers based on vegetable oil derivatives that are readily biodegradable and environmentally friendly, replacing persistent synthetic emulsifiers. These natural-based emulsifiers decompose more quickly and have reduced environmental impact, aligning with the principle of using materials that are less harmful to the environment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If processed vegetable oils are used as feedstock for emulsifier production, then the emulsifiers are more ecologically-friendly and biodegradable, but the production process requires multiple purification steps to remove impurities

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenvironmental friendlinessVSAvoidpurification process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the purification process into distinct sequential stages: esterification to convert vegetable oils to fatty acid esters, followed by hydrolysis to produce fatty acid salts. Each stage targets specific impurities, allowing systematic removal of glycerol, water, and short-chain alcohols while maintaining product quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses intermediate compounds (fatty acid esters) as a bridge during the transformation of vegetable oils to emulsifiers. The esterification step creates these intermediates that are easier to purify and convert to the final emulsifier product, simplifying the overall process compared to direct conversion methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Productivity

If processed vegetable oils with low boiling point compounds are used, then the emulsifier yield is increased and quality is improved, but the feedstock selection is more restricted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveemulsifier yieldVSAvoidfeedstock availability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies parameter thresholds for feedstock selection (boiling point less than 150°C for volatile compounds, less than 1 wt% impurities) that balance yield optimization with feedstock availability. These parameter definitions create clear selection criteria that maintain high emulsifier quality while allowing use of commonly available processed vegetable oils.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The use of processed vegetable oil-derived emulsifiers in emulsion drilling fluids enhances ecological sustainability while maintaining effective drilling performance, including improved viscosity and stability under high pressure and high temperature conditions.

Implementation Method 1

esterifying a processed vegetable oil to produce a first mixture comprising fatty acid alkyl esters

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEsterification: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 2

hydrolyzing the fatty acid alkyl esters of the modified mixture with a base to produce the emulsifier comprising at least one salt of a fatty acid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrolysis: Hydrolysis

Implementation Method 3

typically use an emulsifier to facilitate the formation of the emulsion and reduce the interfacial tension between the two phases

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurface tension reduction: Surface Tension

Data Source

PatentUS11345843B2Methods for producing an emulsifier suitable for use in an emulsion drilling fluid
Publication Date: 2022.05.31 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO

AI summary

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing an emulsifier suitable for use in an emulsion drilling fluid may comprise esterifying a processed vegetable oil to produce a first mixture comprising fatty acid alkyl esters. The processed vegetable oil may comprise less than 1 wt. % of compounds having an atmospheric boiling point less than or equal to 150° C. The method may further comprise removing at least 99 wt. % of each of glycerol, water, and short-chain alcohols having a main chain of less than or equal to 12 carbon atoms from the first mixture to produce a modified mixture, and hydrolyzing the fatty acid alkyl esters of the modified mixture with a base to produce the emulsifier comprising at least one salt of a fatty acid. Emulsion drilling fluids comprising the emulsifier and methods of producing emulsion drilling fluids are also disclosed.